vkJ kuGtopj; jhafj;ij ,og;Nghkh? my;yJ
Nghuhbg; kPog; ngWNthkh?
(ef;fPud;)
jkpoPoj; jpUehl;bd;
jiyefuhd jpUNfhzkiy rkhjhd efukhfg; gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,uz;lhapuk; (2000)Mz;il
mfpyTyf rkhjhd Mz;lhf If;fpa ehLfs; mit gpufldg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jid xl;b 87 cyf ehLfspd;
efuq;fs; rkhjhd efuq;fshf A+nd];Nfh
Kd;nkhope;Js;sJ.
cUrpahtpd;
nkh];ft;> tpal;ehkpd; `Ndha;> ag;ghdpd; `pNuhrpkh> ,];Nuypd; n[&ryk;>
nygdhtpd; ngap&l; Nghd;W jkpoPoj;jpy; jpUNfhzkiy rkhjhd efukhf A+ne];Nfhtpdhy;
Kd;nkhopag; gl;Ls;sJ.
jpUNfhzkiy
efupd; rkhjhd Jtf;f tpoh Nghd thuk; kpfTk; 'Nfhyhfykhff;' nfhz;lhlg;gl;Ls;sJ.
md;GtopGuk;
re;jpapy; vOjg;gl;l myq;fhu tisit jfty;
njhiyj; njhlHG mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPu jpiu
ePf;fk; nra;J itj;jpUf;fpwhH. mj;NjhL jpUkiyf; flw;fiuapy; mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPu 'rkhjhd
efH epidTr; rpd;dk;' xd;iw epWTtjw;fhd mbf;fy;iyAk; ehl;bAs;shH.
rkhjhd efH
Jtf;ftpoh jpUNfhzkiy Gdpj kupahs; fy;Yhupapy; ele;NjwpapUf;fpwJ. ,e;j tpohtpy; ciuahw;wpa
mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPu jpUNfhzkiyia tHj;jfj; JiwKfkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;aj; jpl;lkpl;L
nray;gl;LtUtjhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. Muk;gf;fl;lkhf ag;ghd; cjtpAld; jpUNfhzkiy JiwKf
mgptpUj;jpf;nfd 150 kpy;ypad; (15Nfhb)&ghia xJf;fpAs;sjhf mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPu NkYk;
njuptpj;jhH.
"",yq;ifapy;
%d;W ,dq;fs; thOk; jpUNfhzkiy rkhjhd efukhf gpufldg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ. vkJ murhq;fk; epue;ju rkhjhdj;ij ,e;j ehl;by;
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F cWjpAld; cioj;J tUfpwJ. jpUNfhzkiy ,yq;ifapy; rkhjhdj;ijg; NgZk;
""khjpup"" efukhf khWk;. ,yq;ifapd; tHj;jf efuhf jpUNfhzkiy efuk;
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;"" ,g;gb mikr;rH kq;fs rkutPu tapw;Wg; gps;is fPNo eOtp
tpOkhW me;j tpohtpy; NgrpapUf;fpwhH.
rdhjpgjp
rq;jpupfh FkhuzJq;fh ,e;j Jtf;f tpohitnahl;b xU tho;j;Jr; nra;jp mDg;gpapUe;jhH. me;jr;
nra;jpia tl-fpof;F khfhz MSeH mNrhfh n[atHj;jd thrpj;jhH. me;jr; nra;jpapy; Fwpg;gplg;
gl;bUg;gjhtJ -
"" jpUNfhzkiyia rkhjhd efuhfg; gpufldk; nra;Ak; A+nd];Nfhtpd; Kd;nkhopit vdJ murhq;fk; kpf
kfpo;r;rpAld; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ehl;by; rkhjhdk;> ,ay;G epiyik Vw;gLj;j ehk; cWjp G+z;L nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.
mjpy; ehk; ntw;wpailNthk; vd;gjpy; vkf;F
ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ.""
jpUNfhzkiy efiu
rkhjhd efuhfg; gpufldg; gLj;j A+nd];Nfh cz;ikahf jd;ghl;by;
Kd;te;jpUe;jhy;; ,e;j Nahridia Kd;nkhope;j
me;j mikg;gpd; mjpfhupf;F tprpj;jpukhd eifr;Rit czHT ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fhuzk;
jpUNfhzkiy efuk; rkhjhdj;ijf; fz;L> mjd; fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;J miu Ehw;whz;Lf;Fk; NkyhfpwJ.
jpl;lkpl;l-
,iltplhj rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wk; fhuzkhf
jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; rpWghd;ikauhf ,Ue;j
rpq;fstH ,d;W ngUk;ghd;ikauhfTk; ngUk;ghd;ikauhf ,Ue;j jkpoH rpWghd;ikauhfTk;
khw;wg;gl;Ls;shHfs;.
,yq;iff;F Rje;jpuk; fpilj;j fhyk;
njhl;L ,d;Wtiu jpUkiy khtl;lj;Jf;F jkpoH xUtH murhq;f mjpguhf epakdk; ngwtpy;iy vd;gJ
ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ. guq;fpaH xUtH murhq;f mjpguhf
,Ue;jpUf;fpwhH. Mdhy; jkpoH xUtH ,Jtiu ,Uf;ftpy;iy. murhq;f mjpgH gjtp kl;Lky;y fhzpg;
gq;fPl;Lf;Fg; nghWg;ghTs;s khtl;l fhzp
mjpfhup (District
Land Officer)
gjtpAk; md;W njhlf;fk;
,d;Wtiu rpq;fstuhNyNa epug;gg;gl;L te;jpUf;fpwJ.
,it xU jw;nrayhd epfo;T my;y. ,e;j
khtl;lj;ij rpq;fs kag;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpahf jpl;lkpl;Nl gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUk; Ngupdthjf;
nfhs;ifahFk;.
tl-fpof;F MSeH
gjtpia Kd;ida fhkpdp nghd;Nrfh ,uh[pdhkh nra;j
NghJ mtuJ ,lj;Jf;F ,d;iwa Nk[H n[duy; mNrhfhit re;jpupfh muR mtru mtrukhf epakpj;jJ.
jdJ ,uhZtg; gjtpapypUe;J Xa;Tngw;w
48 kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; mNrhfh n[atHj;jdh tl-fpof;F MSduhfg; gjtpNaw;whH.
tl-fpof;F
khfhzj;jpy; jkpo;nkhop NgRNthNu ,d;Wk; ngUk;ghd;ikauhf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. vdNt xU jkpoH MSduhf
epakpf;fg; gLtNj epahakhFk;. xj;Jiog;Gj; jkpoHfspy; xUtiu me;jg; gjtpapy;
mkHj;jpapUf;fyhk;. xj;Jiog;Gj; jkpoH kPJk; re;jpupfh muRf;F ek;gpf;ifapy;yh tpl;lhy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; xU K];yPik MtJ MSeuhf
epakpj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; rpq;fs muR xUNghJk; mg;gbr; nra;ahJ.
mg;gbr; nra;tJ mjd; vOjg;glhj my;yJ gpufldg; gLj;jg; glhj ,dthjf; nfhs;iff;F Kuzhf
,Uf;Fk;.
khwp khwp
Ml;rpf; fjpiuiag; gpbj;j If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpAk; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rpAk; jq;fSf;Fs; murpay; kl;lj;jpy; mbgl;Lf;
nfhz;lhYk; tl-fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkpoUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd G+kpapy; rpq;fstiuf; FbNaw;wp mjidr;
rpq;fs kag;gLj;j ngUk;ghLgl;L tUfpd;wd. ,jpy;
rpq;fs Ml;rpahsHfs; Fwpg;gplj; jf;f ntw;wpAk; fz;Ls;shHfs;.
I.Nj.fl;rp -
=yq;fh Rje;jpu fl;rp ,e;j ,uz;L rpq;fsg;
Ngupdthjf; fl;rpfs; jq;fSf;Fs; Fj;Jg; gl;L ntl;Lg; gl;lhYk; jkpo; kz;zpy; rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wj;ij KLf;fptpLtijg; nghWj;jstpy; ,e;j ,uz;L fl;rpfSk; mz;zd; -
jk;gpNghy; xw;Wikahfr; nray;gLfpd;wd vd;gjw;F
vLj;Jf; fhl;L mk;ghiuapy; nrd;w thuk; ele;J Kbe;j fy;Nyhahj; jpl;l nghd;tpoh Mz;Lf;
nfhz;lhl;lkhFk;.
,e;jg;
nghd;tpohf; nfhz;lhl;lj;jpy; murpaypy;
fPupAk; - ghk;Gk; Nghy; rz;il NghLk; ePHg;ghrd kpd;rf;jp mikr;rUk; Jizg; ghJfhg;G
mikr;rUkhd mEUj;j ,uj;tj;ijAk;> If;fpa
Njrpaf; fl;rpiar; NrHe;j vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fTk;
xNu Nkilapy; ,uhk-,yl;RkzH Nghy; mUfUNf mkHe;jpUe;jhHfs;.
tl-fpof;F
khfhzj;jpYk;> Fwpg;ghf jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpYk; jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fspdhy;
Vw;gl;l kf;fs; njhif khw;wq;fis Fbj; njhif fzf;fPl;bd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
1881k; Mz;L
jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; vz;zp 935 rpq;fstNu tjpj;J te;jhHfs;. ,J nkhj;j tpOf;fhl;by; 4.2. Mdhy; xU Ehw;whz;L fopj;J mjhtJ 1981k; Mz;L
rpq;fstHfsJ njhif 86> 341 Mf
mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,J nkhj;j tpOf;fhl;by; 33. 6. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz ,e;jj; jiyfPo; khw;wj;ij njspthff; fhl;LfpwJ.
ml;ltiz 1
jpUNfhzkiy khtl;l
kf;fs; njhif (1881-1981)
|
rpq;fstH |
jkpoH |
K];ypk;fs; |
|
|||
Mz;L |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
|
1881 |
935 |
4.2 |
14394 |
64.8 |
5746 |
25.9 |
|
1891 |
1109 |
4.3 |
17117 |
66.4 |
6426 |
25.0 |
|
1901 |
1203 |
4.2 |
17069 |
60.0 |
8258 |
29.0 |
|
1911 |
1138 |
3.8 |
17233 |
57.9 |
9714 |
32.6 |
|
1921 |
1501 |
4.4 |
18586 |
54.5 |
12846 |
37.7 |
|
1946 |
11606 |
15.3 |
33795 |
44.5 |
23219 |
30.6 |
|
1953 |
15296 |
18.2 |
37517 |
44.7 |
28616 |
34.1 |
|
1963 |
40950 |
29.6 |
54050 |
39.1 |
42560 |
30.8 |
|
1971 |
54744 |
29.1 |
71749 |
38.1 |
59924 |
31.8 |
|
1981 |
86341 |
33.6 |
93510 |
36.4 |
74403 |
29.0 |
|
,Nj rkak; ,Nj
fhy fl;lj;jpy; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; (jpUNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G> 1961 y; cUthf;fg;gl;l
mk;ghiu khtl;lk;) Vw;gl;l kf;fs; njhif
khw;wj;ij gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz fhl;LfpwJ.
ml;ltiz 2
fpof;F khfhz
kf;fs; njhif ( 1881-1981)
|
rpq;fstH |
jkpoH |
K];ypk;fs; |
|
|||
Mz;L |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
vz;zpf;if |
tpOf;fhL |
|
1881 |
5947 |
4.5 |
75408 |
61.35 |
43001 |
30.65 |
|
1891 |
7512 |
4.75 |
87701 |
61.55 |
51206 |
30.75 |
|
1901 |
8778 |
4.7 |
96296 |
57.5 |
62448 |
33.15 |
|
1911 |
6909 |
3.75 |
101181 |
56.2 |
70409 |
36.0 |
|
1921 |
8744 |
4.5 |
103551 |
53.5 |
75992 |
39.4 |
|
1946 |
23456 |
8.4 |
146059 |
52.3 |
109024 |
39.1 |
|
1953 |
46470 |
13.1 |
167898 |
47.3 |
135322 |
38.1 |
|
1963 |
109690 |
20.1 |
246120 |
45.1 |
185750 |
34.0 |
|
1971 |
148572 |
20.7 |
315560 |
43.9 |
248567 |
34.6 |
|
1981 |
243358 |
24.9 |
409451 |
41.9 |
315201 |
32.2 |
|
1881 k; Mz;by;
4.5 tpOf;fhlhf ,Ue;j rpq;fstH njhif 1981k; Mz;L 24. 9 tpOf;fhlhf mjpfupj;jJ. mNj rkak;
jkpoHfSila tpOf;fhL 1881k; Mz;L 61.35 Mf ,Ue;J 1981y; 41.9 Mf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
,e;j tPo;r;rpf;F
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; fy; Xah ( gl;bg;gis MW)> kJW Xah> jpUNfhzkiyapy;
my;iy-fe;jsha;> gjtpah (Kjypf;Fsk;) Nghd;w ghupa rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fis rpq;fs
Ngupdthj muRfs; nfhz;L te;J epiwNtw;wpaNj fhuzkhFk;. ,tw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf mur mDruizAld;
jkpoHfsJ fhzpfspYk;> Nfhtpy; fhzpfspYk; rl;l tpNuhjkhfr; rpq;fstH FbNawpaJk; fhuzkhFk;.
1981k; Mz;Lf;Fg;
gpd;dH Fbrd fzpg;gPL vLf;fg; gltpy;iy. 2001y; FbtuT fzpg;gPL vLf;f ,Ug;gjhf muR
mwptpj;Js;sJ. mjd;NghJ jkpoHfsJ vz;zpf;ifAk; tpOf;fhLk; ,df; fytuq;fs;>
Gyg;ngaHTfs;> ,lg;ngaHTfs; fhuzkhf ngUksT tPo;r;rpailAk; vd vjpHghHf;fyhk;.
jpUNfhzkiyia
jkpoHfsplk; ,Ue;J ifg;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ rpq;fs Ngupdthj muRfspd; ePz;l fhyj; jpl;lkhFk;.
Ik;gJf; filrpfspy; jpUNfhzkiyia mz;ba gFjpfspy; =khGu> mf;NghGu FbNaw;wf; fpuhkq;fs;
cUthfptpl;ld. ""rk;ge;jH Guk;"" vd;w ngaupy; jkpo; kPdtH tPlikg;Gj;
jpl;lj;jpy; FbapUe;j jkpoHfis rpq;fstHfs; ntl;bf; nfhiynra;J vQ;rpatHfis fiyj;Jtpl;L mjpy;
tNyhj;fhukhf FbNawpAs;shHfs;. ,Nj Nghy; ,e;J Myaq;fspd; jPHj;jj; jpUtpoh eilngWk; jPHj;jf; flw;fiug; gpuNjrKk; jkpo; kPdtHfs;
fiutiy kPd;gpbj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp te;j
""caHe;j ghL"" flw;fiug; gFjpAk; rpq;fstHfshy; Mf;fpukpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.
1997k; Mz;L
Ig;grpj; jpq;fspy; jpUNfhzkiy fPupj;Njhl;lg;
gFjpapy; jpUkiy efurigahy; 60 ,yl;r &gha; nrytpy; fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;l nghJr; re;ij rpq;fs
,uhZtk;> rpq;fs tHj;jfHfs; ,tHfsJ vjpHg;ghy; %lg;gl;Lf; fplf;fpwJ. jpUkiyapy;
tHj;jfk;> Fwpg;ghf kPd;> kuf;fwp tpahghuk; EhW tpOf;fhL
rpq;fstHfs; ifapy; ,Ug;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jpUNfhzkiy rkhjhd efukhfg;
gpufldg;gLj;jp mjid xU tHj;jfj; JiwKfkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; NkYk; mq;Fs;s rpq;fstHfspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupg;gNj
re;jpupfh murpd; me;juq;f Nehf;fKk; jpl;lKkhFk;.
""
jpUNfhzkiyia rkhjhd efuhf gpufldk; nra;Ak; A+nd];Nfhtpd; Kd;nkhopit vdJ murhq;fk; kpf
kfpo;r;rpAld; Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ehl;by; rkhjhdk;> ,ay;G epiyik Vw;gLj;j ehk; cWjp
G+z;L nray;gl;L tUfpNwhk;. mjpy; ehk; ntw;wpailNthk; vd;gjpy; vkf;F
ek;gpf;ifAz;L"" vd;W rdhjpgjp
NgrpapUg;gjd; mHj;jk; jpUNfhzkiyia ifg;gw;Wtjpy; murhq;fk; ntw;wpngWk; mjpy; jdf;F ek;gpf;ifAz;L vd;gJjhd;.
ekJ kuGtopj; jhafj;jpd; ngUk;gFjpia
ehk; ,oe;J tpl;Nlhk;. fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L epyg;gug;ig rpq;fsf;
FbNaw;wj;jpw;Fg; gwpnfhLj;J tpl;Nlhk;.
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 1961y; mk;ghiu
khtl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJk;>
,Nj fhyfl;lj;jpy;
mk;ghiuj; NjHjy; njhFjpAk; (1963) NrUtpy NjHjy; njhFjpAk; (1976) rpq;fstHfSf;fhf
cUthf;fg;gl;lJk; mjid cWjp nra;fpwJ.
jpUNfhzkiy efuk; rkhjhd efukhfg;
gpufldk; nra;ag;gl;lij ehk; NghHg; gpufldkhfNt mHj;jk; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
Kbthf vkJ kuGtopj; jhafj;ij rpq;fsg; Ngupdthj
Mf;fpukpg;Gf;F epue;jukhf ,og;Nghkh? my;yJ Nghuhb mij kPog; ngWNthkh?