"vtlk;
vtlk; Gspab Gspab"
=yq;fhtpy;
ele;J Kbe;j cs;shl;;rpj; NjHjy; rdhjpgjp re;jpupfhTf;Fk; mtuJ kf;fs; Kd;dzpf;
fl;rpf;Fk; ngupa Njhy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. nkhj;jk; 222 cs;shl;rp
rigfspy; mtuJ fl;rp 4 rigfisj;jhd; ifg;gw;wpAs;sJ. kpFjp 218 rigfspy; 217
rigfis If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp ifg;gw;wpAs;sJ.
,g;gbf;
ifg;gw;wg;gl;l rigfspy; mj;jdf;fy gpuNjr rigAk; xd;W. ehL Rje;jpuk; mile;jjd;
gpd; mj;jdf;fiy gz;lhuehaf;f FLk;gj;jpd; Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J mJ gwpNghfg;
gl;bUg;gJ ,JNt Kjy; jlit.
NjHjypy;
MSk; fl;rp Nkw;nfhz;l jpy;YKy;Yfs; fhuzkhfNt jdJ fl;rp NjHjy;ypy; Njhw;f
Neupl;lJ vd re;jpupfh nrhd;dhH. NjHjy; td;Kiwfisg; gl;bay; ,l;L cs;SH mikr;rH
mkuJq;fhtpw;F #lhd thHj;ijfshy; mHr;rid nra;J 7 gf;ff; fbjk; xd;iw re;jpupfh mDg;gpapUe;jhH. VNjh jdJ Ml;rpapy;
ele;j NjHjy;fspd;NghJ ve;j td;KiwAk; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy vy;yhk; mikjpahf ele;jd vd
mtH gj;jpdp Ntlk; NghLtJjhd; Ntbf;if. fle;j bnrk;gH jpq;fs; 5k; ehs; ele;j
NjHjypd; NghJ 68g; NgHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lhHfs;. td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs; Mapuj;ijAk;
jhz;bg; Nghapd.
rup
re;jpupfhtpd; thjg;gb NjHjy; jpy;Y Ky;Yfs; ele;jJ vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;
mk;ghiu khtl;lj;jpy; ,e;jf; fpoik mikjpahf ele;J Kbe;j NjHjypy; ve;j Iaj;jpw;Fk; ,lk; ,y;yhjtifapy;
If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp ntw;wpthif #bAs;sJ. mk;ghiu efuhl;rp kd;wk; cl;gl nkhj;jk;
8 cs;shl;rp rigfisAk; MSk; If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rp ifg;gw;wp cs;sJ. If;fpa Njrpaf; fl;rpf;F 61 ,lq;fSk;>
kf;fs; Kd;dzpf;F 19 ,lq;fSk;> [djh tpKf;jp nguKidf;F 4 ,lq;fSk;
fpilj;Js;sd> ,uz;L ,lq;fis RNal;ir Ntl;ghsHfs; ifg;gw;wp ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
vdNt
re;jpupfh jdJ fl;rpapd; Njhy;tpf;F NjHjy; td;Kiwia my;yJ jpy;YKy;iy fhuzkhff;
fhl;l KbahJ. mg;gbf; fhl;l KidtJ eifg;Gf;FupaJ.
,e;jj;
NjHjy; KbTfs; rdhjpgjp re;jpupfh murpaypy; ,wq;F Kfj;ij re;jpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhH vd;gij njspthff; fhl;Lfpd;wd. mtUf;F ele;j nfhz;bUe;j nts;spjpir
,g;NghJ rdpjpirahf khwptpl;lJ!
rdhjpgjp
re;jpupfh jdJ murpay; nry;thf;if ,oe;jjpw;F cupa fhuzpfis ePz;l gl;bay;
Nghl;Lf; fhl;lyhk;.
(1)
gpbthjk;. jhd; gpbj;j KaYf;F %d;W fhy; vd;W rhjpg;gjpy; mtH ty;ytH.
(2)
tha;. kw;wtHfisg; GSf;fs;> guNjrpfs;> fs;sHfs;> fhilaHfs; vd;W jpl;Ltjpy; mtiu ahUk;
nty;y KbahJ. mJ kl;Lk; my;yhJ thapd;
,UGwj;Jk; ,Ue;J xd;Wf;F xd;W Kuzhfg; NgRtjpYk; mtH nfl;bf;fhuH.
(3)
jiyf;fdk;. jhd; gz;lhuehaf;f FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. gz;lhuehaf;f FLk;gj;jpdH
Msg; gpwe;jtHfs; vd;w kdg;Nghf;F mtiu Ml;bg;gilf;fpwJ. re;jpupfh jdJ Ml;rpapd;
NghJ nkhj;jk; epjp cl;gl 7 mikr;Rf;fisj; jdJ ifapy; itj;jpUe;jhH. ,J jd;id tpl;lhy; NtW Ms; ,y;iy vd;w
,Wkhg;ghy; Vw;gLfpw tpahjp.
(4)
mwptPdk;. re;jpupfh jd;idg; ngupa mwpthsp vd epidf;fpwhH. nkj;jg; gbj;jtH
vd;Wk; epidf;fpwhH. ""NguhrpupaH [p.vy;. gPup]; xU Kl;lhs;. jhd; vOjpf; nfhLj;j tuT-nryTj;
jpl;lj;ij mtH ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; thrpg;gJjhd; Jiz epjp mikr;rH vd;w Kiwapy; mtuJ
Ntiy"" vd;W gfpuq;fkhff; Fw;wk; rhl;batH. cz;ikapy; re;jpupfhtpd;
gbg;G bg;Nshkh vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba ,uz;lhz;L gbg;igj; jhz;ltpy;iy.
(5)
gpd;Gj;jp. ngz; Gj;jp gpd;Gj;jp vd;ghHfs;. Mdhy; mjpy; cz;ik ,y;iy. Mdhy; re;jpupfhitg; nghWj;jstpy; mJ Kw;wpYk; rup. fle;j Mz;L
ehlhSkd;wj;ijf; fiyj;Jtpl;L nghJj; NjHjiy elj;jpdhy; mjpy; jdJ fl;rp ntw;wp ngWk; vd;W jg;Gf;fzf;Fg; Nghl;lhH. Mdhy;
epjhdkhf epd;W epWj;jp Nahrpj;jpUe;jhy; mtuJ nry;thf;F 1994k; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;dH
gbg;gbahff; Fiwe;J nfhz;Lte;jij mtH mtjhdpj;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtH mijf; fz;L
nfhs;stpy;iy. 2000k; Mz;by; ele;j rdhjpgjp NjHjypy; 51 tpOf;fhL thf;Ffs; kl;LNk
ngw;wpUe;jhH. 1994k; Mz;L ele;j NjHjypy; mtH ngw;w thf;F tpOf;fhL 62 MFk;.
NjHjiy
itf;fhky; vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fhit murikf;f mioj;jpUe;jhy; xU
nrhw;g ngUk;ghd;ik nfhz;l murhf> cWjpaw;w murhf> ehSk; nghOJk; nrj;Jg;
gpiof;Fk; murhf mJ tpsq;fp ,Uf;Fk;.
ele;J
Kbe;j NjHjypy; rdhjpgjp re;jpupfh jdJ fl;rp rhHgpy; NjHjy; fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp
gug;Giu nra;jhH. Fwpg;ghf gz;lhuehaf;fh FLk;gj;jpd; Nfhl;il vd;W fUjg;gLfpw
mj;jdf;fiyapy; gug;Giu nra;jhH. NjHjy; ehsd;W $l mq;Fs;s thf;Fr; rhtbfSf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;jhH. ,jd; %yk; kf;fs; Kd;dzpapd; NjHjy;
Njhy;tp re;jpupfhtpd; jd;pg;gl;l Njhy;tpahfTk; mike;J tpl;lJ.
mNj
rkak; gpjkH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f NjHjy; gug;Giuapy; <Lgltpy;iy vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
,e;jj;
NjHjy; KbT gpujkH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fhtpd; mikjp Kd;ndLg;Gf;F rpq;fs kf;fs;
nfhLj;j mq;fPfhuk; vd;gjpy; ve;j IaKk; ,y;iy. Ntiyapd;ik> tho;f;ifr;
nryT> nghUshjhuk; Nghd;wtw;wpy;
fle;j %d;W khjq;fspy; ve;j khw;wKk; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. vdNt NjHjy; Kbit mit
ghjpf;ftpy;iy.
nghJthf
xU NjHjypy; thf;fhsHfs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l fhuzq;fSf;fhfNt xU Fwpg;gpl;l fl;rpf;F
thf;fspf;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; ,e;jj; NjHjy; KbT mikjp Kaw;rpf;F kf;fsJ mq;fPfhuk;
,Uf;fpwjh ,y;iyah vd;gjw;fhf elj;jg;gLk; Neub thf;nfLg;G vd;W mikr;rH gPup];
gfpuq;fkhf mwptpj;jpUe;jhH.
mNj
rkak; tp.Gypfs;- uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fh ,UtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ifr;rhj;jhd Gupe;JzHT
xg;ge;jk; ehl;il ,U Jz;lhf;fp mjpy; xU Jz;il Gypfsplk; xg;gilf;fpwJ vd;W
vjpHf;fl;rpfs;> Fwpg;ghf rpq;fs-gTj;j Ngupdthjf; fl;rpfshd [djh tpKf;jp
nguKd kw;Wk; rpfy cWka gug;Giu nra;jd.
,Ue;Jk;
rpq;fs thf;fhsHfs; ,uz;lhtJ Kiwahf
,e;jj; NjHjypy; rpq;fs Ngupdthj rf;jpfis epuhfupj;Js;shHfs;.
re;jpupfh
epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; gilj;j rdhjpgjpahf ,Ue;jhYk; ,g;NghJ murpay; mjpfhuj;ij
,oe;Jtpl;lhH. ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rk; gr;irahfr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;why; re;jpupfh
,g;NghJ gy;Yg; gpLq;fpd ghk;G!
cyf
muq;fpy; mikjpg; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;F mNkhf MjuT ,Ug;gJ nts;splkiy. rdhjpgjp
re;jpupfh mjw;F vjpuhf vjpH ePr;ry; mbj;jhy; mtH nfl;l ngaH thq;FtJ cWjpahfp
tpLk;. ,ij czHe;J nfhz;l re;jpupfh mikjpg; Ngr;R thHj;ij njhlf;fg;gLtij
tuNtw;gjhfg; NgrpapUf;fpwhH.
mNj
Neuk; jhd; nrhy;y epidg;gij jdJ fl;rp tpRthrpfs; %yk; nrhy;y itf;fpwhH. Kd;dhs;
gpujkH ,ul;zrpwp tpf;fpukehaf;f re;jpupfhTf;F neUf;fkhdtH vd;gJ njupe;jNj.
mNjrkak; vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhf ,Uf;Fk; kfpe;jh uh[gf;irf;Fk; re;jpupfhTf;Fk;
xj;JtuhJ vd;gJk; ngupa ,ufrpaky;y. re;jpupfhtpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F vjpuhfNt uh[gf;r
vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhfj; njupT nra;ag;gl;lhH vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
vdNtjhd;
rdhjpgjp Ngr epidj;jij tpf;fpukehaf;fhitf; nfhz;L ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; Ngr itj;jpUf;fpwhH.
ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; Ngrpa tpf;fpukehaf;fh NknyOe;j thupahf mikjpg; Ngr;R thHj;ijia
tuNtw;gjhf nrhy;yptpl;L gy epge;jidfisj; jdJ Ngr;rpy; nrUfp ,Uf;fpwhH.
(m)
murpay; jPHT xw;iwahl;rp murpay; ahg;Gf;F cl;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(M)
nghq;F jkpo; epfo;r;rpfs; jpUNfhzkiy jkpoupd; jiyefuk;> tl-fpof;F jkpoupd; jhafk;> jk;poHfSf;F
jdpahd ,uhZtk; vd;W Ngrg;gLtJ rpq;fs
kf;fspd; kj;jpapy; jtwhd vz;zj;ijg; Njhw;Wtpj;J tpLk;. vdNt ,j;jifa tpohf;fs;
cldbahfj; jilnra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(,)
ehl;by; cs;s vy;NyhUf;Fk; ehl;bd; ve;jg; gFjpapYk; fhzpthq;fTk; trpf;fTk; cupik
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Kd;dhs;
gpujkH tpf;fpukehaf;f xU fLk;Nghf;fhsH vd;gJ njupe;jNj. jkpoHfs; %r;R tpLtjhf
,Ue;jhYk; rpq;fstHfsJ mDkjpNahLjhd; %r;Rtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidg;gtH. vdNt mtuJ Ngr;rpy; ""ngupaz;zd;""
Nghf;Fk; ,dthj neby; tPRtJgw;wpAk; ahUk; ftiy nfhs;sf; $lhJ.
cz;ikapy;
tpf;fpukehaf;f nrhy;y tUtJ vd;dntd;why; jkpoHfSf;F ve;j cupikAk; ju KbahJ
vd;gJjhd;. xw;iw Ml;rp murpay; ahg;Gf;F cl;gl;ljhf murpay; jPHT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mikjpg; Ngr;R
thHj;ijf;Nf mtrpak; ,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk;.
ehl;by;
cs;s vy;NyhUf;Fk; ehl;bd; ve;jg; gFjpapYk; fhzpthq;Fk; cupikAk; mjpy; thOk;
cupik gw;wp mtH NgRtJ Vd; vd;gJ cq;fSf;Fg; GupAk; vd;W epidf;fpNwd;.
rpq;fstHfs; tl-fpof;fpy; FbNaWtjw;F ve;jj; jilAk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gJjhd; mtH
nrhy;yhky; nrhy;Yk; nry;yf; fij.
,J
,t;thwpUf;f gpujkH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f mz;ikapy; ngupa Nrdehaf;fhtpd; 50 Mz;L
kiwT ehisnahl;bg; Ngrpa Ngr;R gy Iaq;fis vOg;gpAs;sJ. mtH NgrpapUg;gjhtJ-
""ehl;bd;
vjpHfhyk; b.v];. Nrdehaf;fhtpd; njhiyNehf;F mbg;gilapy; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Rje;jpuk; mile;j fhyj;jpy; gy;NtW
,dq;fSf;fpilapyhd mOj;j epiyia vg;gb mtH ifahz;lhNuh mjd; mbg;gilapy; ,d;iwa
rpf;fYf;Fk; jPHT fhzg;glNtz;Lk;. mtuJ rpe;jid fhyj;ijf; fle;J ntd;W epw;fpwJ.
mNj Neuk; Vida rpe;jidfs; Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;Js;sd. vdNt ,d;W mtuJ %yr; rpe;jidf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;Ws;Nshk;.""(nlapyp epA+];- khHr;R 22>
2002)
gpujku; uzpy; tpf;fpurpq;fhtpd; Ngr;R
""vy;NyhUk; Vwp tpOe;j Fjpiuapy; rf;fLj;jhH Vwpr; rWf;fp tpOe;j
fijia"" epidTf;Ff; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
,d;iwa
,dr; rpf;fYf;F fhy;Nfhs; ,l;ltH ngupa Nrdehaf;fh vd;gJ gr;irf; Foe;ijf;Fk; njupe;j rq;fjpahFk;. Rje;jpuj;Jf;F Kd;dH
ngupa Nrdehaf;fh kw;wtHfs; tFg;Gthjpfs; jhd; xU Njrpathjp vdf; fhl;bf;
nfhz;lhH. Mdhy; ,yq;if Rje;jpuk; mile;j mNj Mz;L 10 ,yl;rk; kiyehl;Lj; jkpoHfJ
FbAupikiag; gwpj;jhH. mLj;j Mz;L
jpUthsH nghd;dk;gyj;ij xU kPd;gpb mikr;rH gjtp vd;w Jhz;biyg; Nghl;L jdJ
gf;fj;jpy; ,Oj;jhH. gpd;dH mtiug;
ff;fj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L mNj kiyafj;
jkpo; kf;fsJ thf;FupikiaAk; gwpj;jhH. ,jdhy; 1952Mk; Mz;L ele;j ehlhSkd;wj;
NjHjypy; jkpoHfsJ ehlhSkd;wg;
gpujpepj;Jtg; gyk; rup ghjpahff; Fiwe;jJ. mNj Neuk; rpq;fstHfSila gyk; 67
tpOf;fhl;by; ,Ue;J (1947) 74 tpOf;fhlhf mjpfupj;jJ!
Njhy;
,Uf;f Ris gpLq;fpatDf;F ahiuahtJ vLj;Jf; fhl;lhfr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;why;
fpotd; Nrdehaf;fhitj;jhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
mJ
kl;Lky;y b.v];.Nrdehaf;fhtpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpd; NghJjhd; jkpou;fSila kuGtop
epyg;gFjpfs; #iwahlg;gl;L> ngUk;ghd;ik ,d rpq;fstHfs; gl;bg;gis>
my;iy> fe;jsha; gFjpfspy; Fbaku;j;jg;gl;ldH. gl;bg;gis fy;Nyhahthfg; ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L> gpd;dH
mk;ghiw vd;w jdp khtl;lk; cUthfpAs;sJ. ,d;W mJ jpfhkLfy vd;w Rj;j rpq;fsg;
ngauhy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
vdNt
mikjpg; Ngr;R thHj;ij RKfkhf KbAk; jkpoHfsJ jd;dhl;rp cupikfs; jq;fj;
jhk;ghsj;jpy; itj;Jj; jug;gLk; vd;W vz;zp vjpHghHj;J ,Ug;gtHfis Kd;dhs; gpujkH
,ul;zrpwp tpf;fpukrpq;f kw;Wk; ,d;dhs; gpujkH uzpy; tpf;fpukrpq;fhtpd; Ngr;R
"vtlk; vtlk; Gspab Gspab' vd;w rpWgps;isfspd; fz;zhk; G+r;rp tpisahl;il
Qhgfg;gLj;jpdhy; mjpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy!