| ij
Kjy; ehisNa jkpoupd;
Gj;jhz;lhff; nfhz;lhLNthk;
ef;fPud;
ehfupfk; njhlq;fpa fhyk; njhl;L ntt;NtW ,d kf;fs; ntt;NtW ehl;fisj;
jq;fs; Gj;jhz;lhff; nfhz;lhb tUfpwhHfs;.
,d;W rka mbg;gilapy; fpwpj;jtHfs;
rdtup Kjy; ehisNa Gj;jhz;bd; njhlf;fkhff;
nfhz;lhLfpwhHfs;. ,];yhkpaHfs; nkhfkJ egp nkf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J nkBdhtpw;F Xba ehspy; ,Ue;Nj
Mz;Lfisf; fzf;fpLfpwhHfs;. ,g;gbNa Gj;j rkaj;jtH Gj;jH gpwe;j ehspy; ,Ue;J Mz;Lfis vz;ZfpwhHfs;.
fpwpj;jtHfSf;F rdtup Kjy;ehs; vg;NghJNk Gj;jhz;bd;
njhlf;fkhf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. gjpndl;lhk;
Ehw;whz;Ltiu NaRgpwe;j bnrk;gH 25 Mk; ehNs Gj;jhz;bd; njhlf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. 
fpwpj;Jt ehl;fhl;bapd; mbg;gilapNyNa rdtup Kjy; ehs; Gj;jhz;lhff;
nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ehl;fhl;b fhyj;Jf;Ff;
fhyk; jpUj;jg;gl;L xOq;FgLj;jp tug;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
cNuhk rf;futHj;jp
A+ypa]; rPrH mtHfs; fp.K. 45 Mk; Mz;L xU Gjpa ehl;fhl;bia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhH.
mjw;F A+ypad ehl;fhl;b vd;W ngaH. mjw;F
Ke;jp xU Mz;by; gj;J khjq;fSk; 304 ehl;fs; kl;LNk ,Ue;jd. fpwpj;Jt
ghjpupkhHfs; jq;fsJ murpay; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf ehl;fhl;bapy; cs;s ehl;fisAk; khjq;fisAk;
$l;bAk; Fiwj;Jk; rkaj;Jf;F Vw;wthW gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. rpy rkaq;fspy; ifA+l;L thq;fpf;
nfhz;L Mz;il ePl;bAk; Fiwj;Jk; fhl;bdhHfs;! A+ypa]; rPrH me;jf; FsWgbfSf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp
itj;jhH. jdJ ngaupy; xU khjj;ijf; $l;bdhH. mtH fzpj;j ehl;Fwpg;G fpgp 1>500 tiu
gad;ghl;by; ,Ue;jJ. fpK 45Mk; Mz;by; ehl;fhl;biaj; jpUj;jp mikj;jjhy; me;jf; Fog;g Mz;L nkhj;jk; 445 ehl;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
mjd; gpd; fpwNfhwpad; (Gregorian) ehl;fhl;b eilKiwf;F
te;jJ. Mdhy; fpgp 1900 tiu gioa ehl;fhl;bia fpNuf;fk;> cUrpah Nghd;w ehLfs;
iftpltpy;iy. ,d;Wk; cUrpahtpd; gioikthj Njthyaq;fs; A+ypad; ehl;fhl;biaj;jhd; njhlHe;J
gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wd.
A+ypad; ehl;fhl;b
xU Mz;by; 365 1/4 ehl;fs;
,Ug;gjhff; fzf;fpl;lJ. fzf;ifr; rupnra;a
ehyhz;Lf;F xUKiw (Leap Year) xU ehs; ngg;ugup khjj;Jf;Fupa ehl;fNshL $l;lg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; xU Mz;L 365 ehl;fs;> 5
kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> 49 epkplq;fs;> 12 tpdhbfs; (365.2424) nfhz;lJ. ,jdhy; xU Gjpa rpf;fy; cUthfpaJ. 128 Mz;LfSf;F xUKiw 1 ehs; tpj;jpahrk;
Vw;gl;lJ. vdNt 1582,y; Nghg; fpwNfhwpad; mijr; rupnra;a 10 ehl;fisf;
(1582-325)/120=10) Fiwj;jhH. mjd;
gpd;dH 400 My; gpupf;ff;$ba Ehw;whz;Lfspy; (
1700> 1800> 1900) xU ehs; $l;lg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; 2000,y; $l;lg;gltpy;iy.
mg;gbAk; fpgp
4>000 my;yJ 5>000 Mz;lstpy; 12 ehl;fs;
tpj;jpahrk; Vw;gl;LtpLk; vdj; njupa te;jJ. vdNt
,e;jj; njhy;iyapy; ,Ue;J tpLgl 1972 Mk; Mz;L mZ kzpg; nghwp xd;wpidf; fz;L gpbj;jhHfs;. mJ
fhl;Lk; NeuNk cyfj;jpd; Kiwikg;gl;l (official) Neuk; vd vy;yh ehLfshYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L cs;sJ.
tuyhw;wpy;
vfpg;jpaHfs;jhd; Kjd; Kjypy; xU Mz;by; 365 ehl;fisf; nfhz;l ehl;fhl;bia fpK 4236,y; fz;L
gpbj;jjhfr; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.
goe;
jkpofj;jpy; Mz;Lj; njhlf;fk; ij khjkhf ,Ue;jJ. gpd;dH Mtzp Mz;bd; Kjy; khjkhff;
nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. gpd;G rpj;jpiu Mz;bd; Kjy;
khjkhf khw;wg;gl;lJ.
Mdhy;
jkpoHfs;
QhapW Mz;ilf; (365 1/4); nfhz;l
ehl;fhl;bia cUthf;fpajhfj; njupatpy;iy. cUthf;fpajw;fhd rhd;W vJTk; ,y;iy.
jpq;fspd; tsHgpiw Nja;gpiw
nfhz;Nl jkpoHfs;; Mz;ilf; fzpj;jdH. mjdhy;jhd; khjj;ij jpq;fs; vd;W mioj;jdH. jpq;fs;
Qhapw;iwr; Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; Neuk; 27 ehl;fs;> 7 kzp> 43 kzpj;Jspfs;.
gz;ila ehl;fspy; fhyj;ijg; ngUk;nghOJ rpWnghOJ vd
tFj;jdH. ,sNtdpy; (rpj;jpiu> itfhrp ) KJNtdpy; (Mdp> Mb)
fhH (Mtzp> Gul;lhjp) $jpH (Ig;grp>
fhHj;jpif) Kd;gdp ( khHfop> ij> )
gpd;gdp ( khrp> gq;Fdp) MW ngUk;
nghOjhFk;.
itfiw> fhiy>
ez;gfy;> Vw;ghL> khiy. ahkk; vd;gNj xU ehspy; mlq;fpa MW rpWnghOjhFk;. NkYk; xU ehs; 60 ehspif nfhz;lJ vd;W fzf;fpl;ldH. xU ehspif
24 epkplq;fshFk;.
''ctTkjp'' (KOkjp)
ehspy; QhapWk; jpq;fSk; vjpH vjpuhf epw;Fk; vd;w thdtpay; cz;ikiag; GwehDhw;Wg; ghly; (65) xd;W njuptpf;fpwJ.
rq;f fhyj; jkpo;
,yf;fz> ,yf;fpaq;fs; fhyj;ij nehb> ehopif> ehs;> fpoik> jpq;fs;>
Mz;L> Cop vd;W thdpay; mbg;gilapy; tiuaiw nra;Js;sd.
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy;
vy;yhj; jpq;fs;fspd; ngaHfSk; nrhy;yg;gltpy;iy. ij> khrp (gjpw;Wg;gj;J) gq;Fdp (GwehDhW) nrhy;yg;gl;;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; njhy;fhg;gpa MrpupaH ,futPw;Wg; GzHr;rp> IfhutPw;Wg; GzHr;rpia
tpsf;Fk;NghJ ''jpq;fSk; ehSk; Ke;J fpse;jd;d'' vdf;
$Wtijf; fhzyhk;. vy;yhj; jpq;fs;fspd; ngaHfSk; ,e;j ,uz;L vOj;jpy; (,> I) Kbe;jd
vd;fpwhH. vdNt ,d;Ws;s 12 khjq;fSk; mtH fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd vdj; Jzpayhk;.
NkYk;
njhy;fhg;gpaH m>,>c>v> x vd;Dk; Ie;J
capH vOj;Jf;fSk; xU khj;jpiu xypf;Fk; Fwpy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;fpwhH.
M> <> C> V> I> x> xs vd;Dk; VO capH vOj;Jf;fSk;
,uz;L khj;jpiu xypf;Fk; neby; vOj;Jf;fs;. %d;W khj;jpiufspy; ve;j vOj;Jk; xypf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. xyp kpFjy; Njs;itg;gl;lhy; me;jstpw;Fj; Njitahd vOj;J xypfis
vOg;GJy; Ntz;Lk;.
,Nj Nghy; nka; vOj;Jf;F xyp miu khj;jpiu. khj;jpiuapd; fhy msntd;d?
""
fz;,ik nehbvd mt;Nt khj;jpiu
Ez;zpjpd; czHe;NjhH fz;l thNw"" (njhy;.
vOj;J -Ehy;kuG 8)
(,ay;ghff;
fz; ,ikj;jYk;> tpuy; nehbj;jYNk xU khj;jpiu vd;Dk; xyp msT. ,J njspthf mwpe;NjhH top.)
fhyj;ij
,t;tsT EZf;fkhff; fzf;fpl;l GytHfs;> ,yf;fz MrpupaHfs;>
mwpQHfs; jkpoHfSf;nfd xU nghJthd njhlH Mz;il
tiuaiw nra;ahJ NghapdH. mjdhy; murHfs; GytHfs; rhd;NwhHfs; gpwg;G Mz;L> kiwT Mz;L
,tw;iwj; njhlH Mz;NlhL njhlHG gLj;jp tuyhw;iwg; gjpT nra;a Kbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
murHfs;
KbR+bf; nfhz;l Mz;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl me;je;j murH 25 Mz;Lfs;> 50 Mz;Lfs; Ml;rp
nra;jdH vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. GytHfisg;
nghWj;jstpy; gpwe;j ,we;j Mz;Lgw;wpa ve;jf;
Fwpg;Gk; ,y;iy.
jkpoH tuyhw;wpy; fhyf;
Fog;gk; ,Ug;gjw;F njhlH Mz;L ,y;yhjJ Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;> ,Uf;fpw 60
Mz;LfSk; Row;rp Kiwapy; tUtJ NkYk; Fog;gj;ij
cUthf;fNt cjtpaJ. ,jdhy; tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfis
60 Mz;LfSf;F Nky; fzf;fpl Kbatpy;iy.
,ilf;
fhyj;jpy; 'rf' Mz;il itj;J njhlH Mz;L vz;zg;gl;lJ. rf vd;gJ tlGyj;J murd; rhypthfd; ngaupy; cs;s rhypthfd
rfhg;jk; vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. jkpo;ehl;by; nkhfyhaH Ml;rp ele;jNghJ muR Mtzq;fspy;> Fwpg;ghf tUtha;j; Jiw Mtzq;fspy;
'gryp' Mz;L vd;w njhlH Mz;L gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.
Guhzf; fijapd;gb
xU fhyj;jpy; ehuj KdptH fhkk; NkNyhq;fp miye;jNghJ mtUf;F mWgjpdhapuk; NfhgpaNuhL
nfhQ;rpf; FyhTk; fpU\;z gfthd; epidT te;jjJ. Neuhf mtH Kd; Ngha; "'fpU\;zh> rjh
NfhgpaNuhL nfhQ;rp ,d;gk; mDgtpf;Fk;
NjtNd> vdf;F ahuhtJ xU Nfhgpiaj; je;J vdJ
fhk ,r;iriaj; jPHj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk;''; vd Ntz;bdhH.
mjw;Ff; fpU\;z
gukhj;kh ''ehujNu> ehd; ,y;yhj ngz;iz eP mDgtpj;Jf;nfhs;''
vd MWjy; nkhop $wpdhH.
Mz;ltd; mUs;thf;F
mUsg;ngw;w ehujH tPL tPlha; (ehaha;) miye;jhH. midj;Jg; ngz;fs;
kdjpYk; fpU\;zNd ePf;fkwf; Fb nfhz;bUe;jhH. xU NfhgpAk; mjw;F tpjp tpyf;fy;y. Vf;fKk;> Vkhw;wKk;
mile;j ehujH khdk;>
ntl;fk; vy;yhtw;iwAk;
njhiyj;J tpl;L kPz;;Lk; fpU\;z gukhj;khtplNk te;jhH.
''fpU\;zh! vy;yhf; NfhgpaH kdjpYk; jhq;fNs ,Uf;ff;
fz;Nld;. NjtuPH vd;id ,t;tpjk; Nrhjpf;fyhkh? fhk Ntl;if vid thl;LfpwJ. vd;idg; ngz;zhf
khw;wp ePNu vd;id mDgtpj;J vd; Ntl;ifiag;
Nghf;f Ntz;Lk;"' vd Ntz;b epd;whH.
gupjhgg; gl;l gfthDk; mt;tpjNk elg;gjhff; $wp> ehujiug; ngz;zhf;fp mtNuhL fye;J mWgJ Foe;ijfisg; ngw;whH.
me;j mWgJ
Foe;ijfs; jhd; gpugt Kjy; ml;ra tiuapyhd Mz;Lfs;. me;jg; ngaHfs; xd;NwDk; jkpo; my;y.
mwpTf;Fk; mwptpaYf;Fk; xt;thj ,t;thz;L Kiw tuyhw;Wf;F cjthj tifapy; cs;sJ.
,e;j mWgJ
Mz;Lfspd; ngaHfis Mj;jpuk; nfhs;shky; Md;kPfj; jkpoHfs;
Mu mku myrpg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gpugt Kjy; ml;ra tlnkhopg; ngaHfshtJ jkpoHfs; ngUik nfhs;sj; jf;fthW cs;sjh vd;why;
mg;gbAk; ,y;iy. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf %d;whtJ
Mz;bd; ngauhd ""Rf;fpy"" Mz;
tpe;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ,Ugj;J%d;whtJ Mz;lhd tpNuhjp vjpup
vd;w nghUisj; jUfpwJ. Kg;gj;njl;lhtJ Mz;L FNuhjp. ,jd;
nghUs; gopthq;Fgtd; vd;gjhFk;. Kg;gj;J%d;whtJ Mz;bd; ngaH tpfhup. nghUs; mofw;wtd;>
Ik;gj;JIe;jhtJ Mz;lhd Jd;kjp nfl;lGj;jp vd;W nghUs;.
Mz;Lfs; tuyhw;iwj;
njhlHr;rpahf gjpT nra;ag; gad;gl Ntz;Lk;. mit Fog;gj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jf; Fog;gj;ij ePf;f jkpo; mwpQHfs;> rhd;NwhHfs; kiwkiy
mbfshH jiyikapy; 1921 Mz;L nrd;id gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}upapy; xd;W$b Muha;e;jhHfs;. jpUts;StH gpwe;j Mz;il fp.K 31 vdf; nfhz;L>
jpUts;StH ngaupy; njhlH Mz;il Vw;gLj;Jtnjd KbT nra;jdH. ,oe;j njhd;ikr; rpwg;Gf;Fupa ij
Kjy; ehNs jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;bd; njhlf;fnkd mtHfs; mwptpj;jdH.
thdtpay; mbg;gilapy; ij Kjy; ehs; QhapW jDR ,uhrpapy;
gl;L kfu ,uhrpapy; kyHfpwhd;.
jkpo;ehL muR mjid
Vw;Wf; nfhz;L 1972 Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jp
tUfpwJ. ijg; nghq;fy; jpUehSk; jpUts;StH epidthf mjw;F kW ehSk; mur tpLKiw ehl;fshFk;.
''gj;jd;W E}wd;W
gd;D} wd;W
gy;yhap uj;jhz;lha;j; jkpoH tho;tpy;
Gj;jhz;L> ij Kjy; ehs;> nghq;fy;
ed;dhs;''
vd;w Gul;rpf;
ftpQH ghujpjhrd; ghly; fUj;J jkpoUf;Fj; jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;L ij Kjy; ehs; vd;gijj;
njspthf;FfpwJ.
,d;W jpUf;FwSk;> jpUts;Stuhz;Lk; kf;fspilNa Gfo; ngw;W tUfpwJ. mjid NkYk; tsHj;Jf;
nfhs;sNt cyfj; jkpo;g; gilg;ghspfs; fofk; ,e;j Mz;L jkpo;g; Gj;jhz;L 2034> nghq;fy;>
jpUts;StH gpwe;j ehs; vd Kg;ngUk; tpohthff; nfhz;lhLfpwJ.
jkpo; kz;
kPl;G> jkpopd kPl;G ,tw;NwhL epd;Wtplhky;
gpw gz;ghl;Lg; gilnaLg;ghy; ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; rpijf;fg;gl;l vq;fs; fiy
gz;ghl;ilAk; ehq;fs; kPl;nlLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ijg; Gj;jhz;by; cyfk; tho;
jkpo;kf;fs; tho;tpy; my;yy;fs; ePq;fl;Lk;. Jd;gq;fs; njhiyal;Lk;. ,Us; mfyl;Lk;. tpbay;
Njhd;wl;Lk;. Nfhb ,d;gq;fs; Ftpal;Lk;.
kfpo;r;rp nghq;fl;Lk;. fy;tp Jyq;fl;Lk;. njhopy;tsk; ngUfl;Lk;. mwptpay; tsul;Lk;. jkpOzHT
Xq;fl;Lk;. ,dTzHT kyul;Lk;.
jkpoPo kz;zpy; mikjp epytl;Lk;. mbik
tho;T Kbal;Lk;. kf;fs; tho;tpy; njd;wy; tPrp GJ tho;T G+f;fl;Lk;. me;j ek;gpf;ifAld; Gjpa Mz;by; fhyb vLj;J itg;Nghk;. (ed;wp-Kof;fk;)
ijg;
nghq;fy; ehspy; jkpo; czHT nghq;fl;Lk;!
(ef;fPud;)
ij Kjy;ehs; jkpoHfspd;
jpUehs;. cotHfspd; ngUehs;. jkpoHfs; ,aw;iff;F tpoh vLf;Fk; ,dpa ehs;. my;yit fope;J
ey;yit kyUk; ,d;g ehs;.
fsdp jpUj;jp> tay; cOJ> vU ,l;L> ePH gha;r;rp> ney; tpijj;J> fis vLj;J> tpise;j ney;kzpfspd; ghuk; jhq;f Kbahky; jiy rha;e;J gLj;j
fjpHfis ey;y ehs; ghHj;J xU ifg;gpb mupe;J jhk;ghsj;jpy; itj;J tPl;Lf;F vLj;J te;J tPl;L
thrypy;fl;b tpLthHfs;. ,jw;Fg; GjpH vLj;jy; vd;W ngaH. mjpy; nfhQ;r ney;kzpfis vLj;J Fj;jp
muprpahf;fp me;jg; Gj;juprpia gioa muprpNahL fye;J kQ;rSk;> ,Q;rpAk; fl;ba GJg;ghidapy; ghYk; rHf;fiuAk;> ghFk; gUg;Gk;
,l;Lg; nghq;fp ,aw;ifj; nja;tkhd QhapWf;Fg; gilj;J tPl;Lj; jiytDk;> JiztpAk; gps;isfSk;
nfhz;lhb kfpOk; tpohNt nghq;fy; ehs;!
nghq;fy; tpohtpw;F rpy thuq;fs; fopj;Nj mupT ntl;L ,lk;ngWk;.
ntl;ba fjpHfisf; Ftpj;J taypd; eLNt #L
itg;ghHfs;. mjd; gpd;dNu khLfisf; nfhz;L #L kpjpg;G ,lk;ngWk;.
ijg;G+rj; jpUehspy; GjpH Fioj;jy; ,lk;ngWk;. Gj;juprp
nghq;fp> rHf;fiuAk; thiog; goKk; NrHj;Jg; gilf;Fk; ,g;GjpH Nrhw;iw Rw;wKk; el;Gk; maYk;
R+o ,Ue;J cz;L kfpo;tH. mz;ikf;fhykhf ,e;j tof;fk; mUfptUfpwJ.
nghq;fYf;F mLj;j ehs; khl;Lg; nghq;fy;. cotHfs; jkJ fkr;
nra;iff;Fj; Jizahf ,Ue;j fhy;eilfSf;F ed;wp njuptpf;Fk; ehNs khl;Lg; nghq;fyhff;
nfhz;lhlg; gLfpwJ. ,;e;j tpoh gl;bg; nghq;fy; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;.
nghq;fy; ehis
""kfurq;fuhe;jp""ahf GuhzpfHfs; khw;w Kw;gl;lNghJk; mbg;gilapy;
nghq;fy; cotH tpohthfNt caHe;Jk; epiyj;Jk; tUfpwJ.
tay; coTk;> tz;b ,Of;fTk;> #L kpjpf;fTk;> ghy;>
japH> nea; nfhLf;fTk;> taYf;F vU juTk; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j vUJfisAk;> gRf;fisAk;> fd;WfisAk;
Fsq;fspy; Fspg;ghl;b> Fbf;ff; gr;irauprpf; fQ;rp nfhLg;gH.
khiyapy; gl;bg; nghq;fy; nghq;fpg; gilf;fg;gLk;. khLfSf;F
mg;nghq;fypy; xU ftsk; cz;gjw;Ff;
nfhLf;fg;gLk;. gpd;dH khLfspd; nfhk;Gf;Fk; new;wpf;Fk; Fq;Fkk;>
re;jdk; G+rp fOj;jpy; kyH khiy> til khiy Nghd;wtw;why; myq;fupj;J tPjpfspy; CHtyk;
tpthHfs;.
ijg;nghq;fy; jpUehSf;F thdtpay; mbg;gilAk; ,Uf;fpwJ. njd;jpir
Nehf;fp gazk; nra;Ak; QhapW (G+kpapy; ,Ue;J Mfhaj;ij mz;zhe;J ghHf;Fk;NghJ) ,e;ehspy;
tljpir Nehf;fp gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpfspy; xd;gjhtJ jDR
,uhrpapy; ,Ue;J kfu ,uhrpapy; GFfpd;whd;. xU ,uhrpapy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU ,uhrpf;Fg; Nghf
vLf;Fk; fhyk; xU khjkhFk;.
,g;NghJ
tof;fpy; ,Uf;Fk; ""gpugt"" Kjy; ""ml;ra"" 60
Mz;Lg; ngaHfs; rhypthfdd; vd;w murdhy; fp.gp. 78,y; mwpKfg; gLj;jg;gl;lit MFk;. ,it tlGy
murdhy; Vw;gl;ljhy; tlnkhopg; ngaHfs; toq;fg;glyhapw;W.
,e;j
Mz;L Kiwahy; jkpoH nkhop> kuG> khdk;> gz;ghL> tho;T Kjypatw;wpw;F tpise;j
mopitAk;> ,opitAk; vz;zpg; ghHj;j jkpo; mwpQHfs;> GytHfs;> rhd;NwhHfs; 1921- Mk;
Mz;L nrd;idg; gr;irag;gd; fy;Yhupapy; jkpo;f; fly; kiwkiy mbfs; jiyikapy; $b khw;W
eltbf;ifgw;wp Muha;e;jhHfs;.
jpUts;StH
fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F 31 Mz;Lfs; Kd;G gpwe;jtH vd;W epHzak; nra;ag;gl;L mtH ngaupy; njhlH
Mz;L gpd;gw;WtnjdTk; mJNt jkpo; Mz;lhff; nfhs;tnjdTk; KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Mq;fpy
Mz;Lld; 31iaf; $l;bdhy; ts;Stuhz;L tUk;. ,g;NghJ Mq;fpy Mz;L 2003. vdNt ts;Stuhz;L 2034
(2003 rf 31).
vdNt
jpUts;StH Mz;Lj; njhlf;fk; ijg; nghq;fy; jpUehshd ij Kjy; ehs; njhlq;fp khHfopf; filrpapy; KbTWk;.
jkpo;ehL
muR jpUts;StH Mz;L Kiwia Vw;W 1971 Kjy; jkpo;;ehL mur ehl;Fwpg;gpYk;> 1972 Kjy;
jkpo;ehL murpjopYk; 1981 Kjy; jkpo;ehL murpd; midj;J mYtyq;fspYk; eil Kiwg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;ilAk; jkpoPoj;ijAk; nghWj;jstpy; Ig;grp> fhHj;jpif khjq;fs; gUt kio (fhH) fhykhFk;. gz;ila fhyj;jpy; Mtzp Gul;lhjp khjq;fs; fhHfhykhfTk;
Ig;grp fhHj;jpif $jpH (FspH) fhykhfTk; fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.
,g;NghJ Mtzp Gul;lhjp
khjq;fspy; ey;yehs; ghHj;J tpijg;G ,lk;ngWfpwJ. rpy rkak; Kjy; kio nga;j gpd;dH
tpijf;fpwhHfs;. kio nga;AKd; Mtzpapy; tpijg;G tpijg;gJk; cz;L. ,jw;F GOjp tpijg;G vd;W
ngaH.
Gul;lhrpapy; rpWfg; nga;aj; njhlq;fp Ig;grp> fhHj;jpif
khjq;fspy; gUt kio gykhfg; nga;Ak; fhuzkhf
tay;fspy; jz;zPH epuk;GfpwJ. jz;zPupd; kl;lk; $lf; $l gapUk; Xq;fp tsUk;. rpy rkak; gapH
rpwpjhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ngUkio nga;J nts;sj;jpdhy; gapH mOfpg;NghtJk; cz;L.
ney;iy tpijj;jhy; ney;Y khj;jpuk; Kisg;gjpy;iy. vUtpy; fye;Js;s
Gy;Y kw;Wk; fplr;rpf; nfhl;ilfSk; Kisf;Fk;.
mjid fisnaLg;gjpy; fkf;fhuHfs; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf ,Ug;ghHfs;. mNjhL ntl;Lf;fpspfs;> G+r;rp
GOf;fs; new;gapiuj; jhf;FtJk; cz;L. ,e;j GO G+r;rpfis xopg;gjw;F ,g;NghJ fpUkp nfhy;yp
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
ij khrp khjq;fspy; tay;fspy;
jz;zPH tw;wp fjpHfs; Kw;wp mWtilf;Fj; jahuhf
,Uf;Fk;. tay;fis cOJ tpijj;J fis
gpLq;fp fl;bf; fhj;J cioj;Jg; ghLgl;ljd; gaid cotHfs; mWtil nra;Ak; fhyk; ,JthFk;.
Md fhuzj;jpdhNyNa ij khjg; gpwg;gig cotHfs; MtNyhL
vjpHghHf;fpwhHfs;. ij gpwe;jhy; jq;fs; Jd;gq;fs; jPUk; top gpwf;Fk; vd epidf;fpwhHfs;.
gz;ila jkpoHfs; xU Mz;bid MW
ngUk;nghOJfshfg; gFj;jdH. mit fhH> $jpH> Kd;gdp> gpd;gdp>
,sNtdpy; KJNtdpy; vd;gdthFk;. xt;nthU ngUk;nghOJk; ,uz;L jpq;fisf; (khjk;) nfhz;ljhf
,Ue;jJ. ciuahrpupaHfspy; xUtuhd er;rpdhHf;fpdpaH Xuhz;L Mtzpapy; njhlq;fp Mbapy; Kbe;jJ
vd;fpwhH.
rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy;
vy;yhj; jpq;fs;fspd; ngaHfSk; nrhy;yg;gltpy;iy. ij> khrp (gjpw;Wg;gj;J) gq;Fdp (GwehDhW) nrhy;yg;gl;;Ls;sJ. Mdhy;
njhy;fhg;gpa MrpupaH ,futPw;Wg; GzHr;rp>
IfhutPw;Wg; GzHr;rp Mfpatw;wpy; kl;LNk ''jpq;fSk; ehSk; Ke;J fpse;jd;d'' vdf; $Wtijf;
fhzyhk;. vy;yhj; jpq;fs; ngaHfSk; ,e;j ,uz;L vOj;jpy; (,> I) Kbe;jd vd;fpwhH. ,jpypUe;J
mtH fhye;njhl;Nl ,d;W ,Uf;Fk; jpq;fl; ngaHfs; toq;fp tUfpd;wd vdf; nfhs;syhk;.
gz;ila fhyj;jpy;
jpq;fspd; tsHgpiw Nja;gpiw nfhz;Nl ngUk;nghOijf; fzpj;jdH. mjdhy;jhd; khjj;ij jpq;fs; vd;W
mioj;jdH. jpq;fs; Qhapw;iwr; Rw;wptu vLf;Fk; Neuk; 27 ehl;fs;> 7 kzp> 43
kzpj;Jspfs;.
''ctTkjp'' (KOkjp)
ehspy; QhapWk; jpq;fSk; vjpH vjpuhf epw;Fk; vd;w
thdtpay; cz;ikiag; GwehDhw;Wg; ghly; (65)
njuptpf;fpwJ.
Mz;il MW
ngUk;nghOjhfg; gFj;jJ NghyNt xU ehisAk; MW
rpWnghOjhfg; gFj;jdH. itfiw> fhiy> ez;gfy;> Vw;ghL> khiy. ahkk; vd;gNj me;j MW
rpWnghOjhFk;. NkYk; xU ehs; 60 ehspif nfhz;lJ vd;W fzf;fpl;ldH. xU ehspif 24
epkplq;fshFk;.
Qhapw;iwf; nfhz;L
Mz;ilf; fzf;fpLk; Kiw fp.gp. 7Mk; Ehw;whz;by; tuhfkpfpuuhy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ.
QhapW tzf;fk; ,aw;if topghl;ilr; NrHe;jJ. cyf ehfupfq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; QhapW tzf;fk; ,Ue;jjw;Fr; rhd;Wfs;
,Uf;fpd;wd. cyfpy; thOk; capHfSf;F Mjhukhf QhapW ,Ug;gjhy; Mjp kdpjd; Qhapw;iw nja;tkhf
cUtfg;gLj;jp tzq;fpg; Nghw;wp te;jjpy; tpag;gpy;iy.
Ntj fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpud;> tUzd;> mf;fpdp ,tw;Wf;F xg;g
QhapW nja;tkhf topglg;gl;lJ. ,e;J kjj;jpd; cl;gpupTfspy; xd;whd nrsuk; Qhapiw KOKjw; nja;tkhf topgLk; kjkhFk;. gpw;fhyr;
NrhoH Ml;rpapy; R+upaDf;Fj; jdpf; Nfhtpy;fs;
vOg;gg;gl;ld.
Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fspy; Kjy; fhg;gpakhd rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;
,sq;Nfh mbfs; -
""QhapW
Nghw;WJk;! QhapW Nghw;WJk;!
fhtpup ehld; jpfpupNghy; nghd;Nfhl;L
NkUtyk; jpupjyhd;."" (rpyk;G 1> 4-6)
vd Qhapw;iw tho;j;jpg; Nghw;WfpwhH. ''fhtpup Mw;iwAila ehldhfpa NrhodJ Mizr; rf;fuk;
Nghd;W nghd; cr;rpia cila ,kakiyia tyk; tUjyhy; Qhapw;iw tzq;FNthk;! Qhapw;iw
tzq;FNthk;!''
jkpoHfs; nfhz;lhLk;
tpohf;fspy;> rkarhHgw;w vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthd tpoh nghq;fy; jpUehshFk;. nghq;fy;
tpohtpy; fw;gidf;Nfh> GidTfSf;Nfh> mUtUf;fj; jf;f> gFj;jwpTf;Fg; nghUe;jhj fl;Lf;
fijf;Nfh ,lkpy;yhj tpohthFk;.
jkpoHfs; nfhz;lhLk;
jPghtsp jkpo; murd; xUtidf; flTs;
mtjhuk; #o;r;rpahy; nfhd;w ehshFk;.
jkpoH jpUehshd nghq;fy;
tpoh vd;gJ ntWk; rHf;fiug; nghq;fy;> ntz; nghq;fy; cz;Zk; ehshf ,Ue;Jtplf; $lhJ. mJ
vq;fs; czHTfisg; GJg;gpf;Fk; ehshfTk; fiy>
gz;ghL> ghuk;gupak; Nghd;wtw;iwg; Nghw;wpg; ghJfhf;f #Siuf;Fk; ehshfTk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. (ed;wp-ek;ehL 2003)
nghq;fw;
ghy; nghq;fpg; G+TjpHg;gha; ijg;ghtha;!
(ef;fPud;)
fq;if nfhz;L> ,kak; ntd;W> flhuj;ijg; gpbj;J>
''Gl;gfk;> rhtfk; Mfpa jPT midj;Jk; nrd;Nwwp
mq;F jq;fs; Gypf; nfhb kPd; nfhbAk; epd;W rhy;Gwf; fz;l'' jkpoH
tho;tpy; rpwg;gplk; ngWk; tpohf;fspy; ijg; nghq;fYf;F jdpaplk; cz;L. ""ij
gpwe;jhy; topgpwf;Fk;"" vd;w gonkhop ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jk;.
rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jkpo;kf;fs; nghq;fy; tpoh vd;w ngaupypy;
tpohf; nfhhz;lhbdH vd;gjw;F rhd;Wfs; vJTk; ,y;iy. nghq;fy; tpoh ,e;jputpoh Nghd;W vy;yh
kf;fSk; nfhz;lhLk; nghJtpohthf ,y;yhky; mJ Kw;wpYk;
kUjepyj;J kf;fshfpa cotHfsJ tpohthf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; mJ ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngwhJ
Ngha;tpl;lJ NghYk;.
Mdhy; ij ePuhly; vd;w tpohitf; jkpo;kf;fs; nfhz;lhbaj;jpw;F
gupghlypy; ,yf;fpar; rhd;W ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
cyf ehfupfq;fs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; QhapW tzf;fk; ,Ue;jpUg;gjw;Fupa rhd;Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cyfpy; thOk; capHfSf;F
Mjhukhf QhapW ,Ug;gjhy; Mjpkdpjd; Qhapw;iw flTshf cUtfg;gLj;jp tzq;fpg; Nghw;wp te;jjpy; tpag;gpy;iy.
vfpg;jpaHfs; #upaid
Gj;jpia tsHg;gtdhfTk;> MNuhf;fpaj;ij mspg;gtdhfTk; topg;gl;lhHfs; gpukpLfspYk;> iey;
ejpf;fiuapYk; #upa topghL ,Ue;jJ. fpNuf;fHfs; #upaid `PypNah];' vd;w ngaupy; topgl;lhHfs; re;jpuidr; #upadpd; cld;gpwg;ghf topgLfpwhHfs;
nkf;]pNfh> ngU Mfpa ehLfspy; #upaid tPuk; nrwpe;j Njtdhf itj;J topgl;lhHfs;.
Ntjfhy itjPf rkaj;jpy; ,e;jpuDf;Fk;> mf;fpdpf;Fk; mLj;j
nja;tkhf QhapW tpsq;Ffpd;whd;. xU fhyj;jpy; QhapW Kjy; nja;tkhfNt tzq;fg;gl;L te;jJ. mJNt
,e;J kjj;jpd; cl;gpupTfspy; xd;whd nrsukhjk; MFk;. gpw;fhyr; NrhoH fhyj;jpy; R+upaDf;F
jdpf; Nfhtpy;fs; vOg;gg;gl;lJ.
Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fspy; Kjy; fhg;gpakhd rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;
,sq;Nfh mbfs; -
""QhapW Nghw;WJk;! QhapW
Nghw;WJk;!
fhtpup ehld;
jpfpupNghy; nghd;Nfhl;L
NkUtyk; jpupjyhd;."" (rpyk;G 1>
4-6)
''fhtpup Mw;iwAila
ehldhfpa NrhodJ Mizr;rf;fuk; Nghd;W nghd; cr;rpia cila,kakiyia tyk; tUjyhy; Qhapw;iw
tzq;FNthk;! Qhapw;iw tzq;FNthk;!'' vd Qhapw;iw flTs; tzf;fj;jpw;F <lhf tho;j;jpg;
Nghw;WfpwhH.
jkpo; kf;fsJ tho;f;ifapy; coTj; njhopYf;F rpwg;gplk; ,Ue;jJ. gy
njhopy;fisr; nra;jhYk; Kbtpy; coTj; njhopiyg; gpd;gw;wpNa cyfk; epw;fpwJ. mjdhy; vt;tsT
Jd;gk; te;jhYk; coTj; njhopNy NkyhdJ vd jpUts;StH $WfpwhH. NkYk; cOthH cyfj;jhuhfpa NjHf;F
mr;rhzp Nghd;wtHfs; vd;fpwhH.
""Rod;Wk;VHg; gpd;dJ cyfk;>
mjdhy;
coe;Jk; coNt jiy.""
Fws; (1031)
,sq;Nfh mbfSk; cONthupd; caHit rpyg;gjpfhuk; ehLfhz; fhijapy;
,yf;fpa eaj;NjhL rpj;jupj;Js;shH.
""cohm Ez; njhsp cs;Gf;F mOe;jpa
fohm kapH ahf;ifr; nrq;fz; fhuhd;
nrhup
Gwk; cupQ;rg; GupnQfpo;G cw;w
Fkupf;
$l;by; nfhOk; gy; czT
ftupr;
nre;ney; fha;j;jiyr; nrhupa
fUk;if
tpidQUk; fskUk; $b
xUq;F
epd;W MHf;Fk; xypNa md;wpAk;>
fbkyH fise;J
KbehW mOj;jpj;
njhb
tisj; NjhSk; MfKk; Njha;e;J
NrWML
NfhynkhL tPWngwj; Njhd;wpr;
nrq;fay;
neLk;fz; rpd;nkhopf; filrpaH
ntq;fs;
njhiyr;rpa tpUe;jpd; ghzpAk>;
nfhOk;
nfhb mWifAk; FtisAk; fye;J>
tpsq;F fjpHj;
njhLj;j tpupay; R+l;bg;
ghH cilg;gdH
Nghy; gopr;rpdH ifnjho
VnuhL epd;NwhH VH kq;fyKk;. (rpyk;G 10> 8-120-135)
''Nrw;wpy; cs; GFe;J cly; KOJk; rfjpahapUf;fpd;w vUik khL>
Nrw;why; jd; cly; jpdntLj;jjhy; gy;tif
ney;Yk; Nghl;L itj;Js;s Fkupf;$l;by; itf;Nfhy; Gupapy; nrd;W cuRfpd;wJ. mjdhy; jhdpaq;fs;
ntspNa rpe;Jfpd;wd. typaifapid cila njhopyhsUk;>
fsj;jpy; Ntiy nra;NthUk; $b kfpo;thy; Muthuk; nra;Ak; xyp
Nfl;Fk;.
kzKs;s kyHfis ePf;fp> $e;jypy; ney; ehw;W Kbia mOj;jpf;
fl;bf; nfhz;L njhbtis mzpe;j NjhspYk;> khHgpYk; NrW Njha;e;jpUf;fpd;w
fhuzj;jhy; rpwg;Gg; ngwj; Njhd;wpa rpte;j fay;Nghd;w ePz;l fz;fisAila> ,ope;j
nkhopNgRk; filrpaH.
fhl;lkhd fs;spid kpFjpahf cz;L> ghLk; Gjpa gy ghly;fspd; Xir
Nfl;Fk;. tsikahd mWfk;Gy;iyAk; Ftis kyHfisAk;> new;fjpHfisAk; fye;J fl;ba
khiyia mzpe;J nfhz;L> ghupidg; gpse;J tpLgtH Nghyg; Nghw;WthH ifnjhOJ epw;f> epyj;ij
cOgtH ghLk; VH kq;fyg; ghly;fspd; XirAk; Nfl;Fk;>
ney;ypid mupe;J xU gf;fk; Ftpj;NjhH> #l;bidf; vUik khLfis
tpl;L kpupj;Jg; ngw;w kpf;f nre;ney;ypid Kfe;J jUk;NghJ ghLfpd;w> Kfitg; ghl;bidAk;
Nfl;fyhk;. njspe;j XirapidAk; fpizapid ,af;FNthH nrUf;Fld; vLj;j khHr;ridiaAila jpuz;l
KotpdJ kfpo;thd ,irapd; xypiaAk; vq;fZk; ehk; Nfl;fyhk;.''
coTj; njhopYf;F QhapW mbg;gilahf
,Uf;fpwJ. taiy cOJ> gz;gLj;jp>ghj;jpfl;b> vUtpl;L> tpijj;J> fis vLj;Jg;
gpd;dH fkj;jpy; tpise;j tpisr;riy mWtil nra;J> R+Lkpjpj;J tPl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; cotHfs; ey;y tpisr;rYf;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;j Qhap;w;Wf;F
ed;wp nrYj;Jk; Kfkhfg; Gj;juprpiag;
GJg;ghidapy; ,l;Lg; nghq;fpg; gilj;jdH. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt
rkay; fl;by; nghq;fhJ tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; Nfhyk; ,l;Lg; nghq;fpdhHfs;. mJ kl;Lk; my;yhJ ghidapy; ghy; nghh;Fk;NghJ mJ
tpbfhiy QhapW vOk; fpof;Fj; jpirNehf;fp nghq;fp topa Ntz;Lk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ.
mg;gbg; ghy; tope;jhy; mJ ey;y rFdkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.
mWtilf;F Kd;djhf ey;y ehspy; taypy; jiyrha;j;J fhw;wpdhy;
jiyairj;J epw;Fk; ney;kzpf; fjpHfspy; ifg;gpb mupe;J
vLj;Jr; nrd;W tPl;L thrypy; fl;LthHfs;. ,jw;Fg; GjpH vLj;jy; vd;W ngaH. gpd;dH ijg;G+rj;
jpUehspy; GjpH Fioj;jy; ,lk;ngWk;. Gj;juprp nghq;fp> rHf;fiuAk; thiog;goKk; NrHj;Jg;
gilf;Fk; ,g;GjpH Nrhw;iw Rw;wKk; el;Gk; R+o ,Ue;J MSf;F xU ngupagpb thq;fp cz;L kfpo;tH.
nghq;fiy mLj;j ehs; gl;bg; nghq;fy; vdg;gLk;. ,J cotH jkJ coTj;
njhopYf;Fk;> czTf;Fk; Njitahd ghy;. japH> nea; Nghd;wtw;iw ey;Ftjw;F mbg;gilahfTk; cWJizahfTk; ,Uf;Fk; khLfSf;Ff;F vLf;fg; ngWk;
tpohthFk;. ,e;j ehspy;
khLfs; Fspg;ghl;lg;gl;L> Fq;Fk;> re;jdg; nghl;L itj;J fOj;jpy; kyH khiyfs;
mzptpf;fg;gLk;. tilkhiyfs; fl;lg;gLtJk;
cz;L. ijg; nghq;fy; tpoh cotH tpohjhd; vd;gjw;F
,e;jg; gl;bg; nghq;fy; tpoh ey;y rhd;whFk;.
nghq;fy; ed;ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLtjw;F
thdtpaYk; mbg;gilahf mikfpwJ. ,e;ehspy; QhapW (G+kpapy; ,Ue;J ghHf;Fk;NghJ)
njw;F Nehf;fpg; gazk; nra;j QhapW mjid Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L tlf;F Nehf;fpg; kPs;gazk; nra;Ak;
NghJ gd;dpU ,uhrpfspy; xd;whd kfuuhrpapy; GFfpd;wJ. ,jid
tlnkhopahsH "cj;juhaz" vd;Wk; nghq;fy; ehs; kfurq;fuhe;jp vd;Wk; miog;ghHfs;. nghq;fy; jpUehs; md;W MWfhyq;fspy; xd;whd $jpHfhyk; khHfopf; filrp
ehspy; Kbe;J Kd;gdpf; fhyk; njhlq;FfpwJ.
,d;W nghq;fy; ngUk;ghYk; rkaj;Jf;F mg;ghy; cyfk; tho; MWNfhb
jkpo;kf;fspd; nghJ tpohthf> kq;fsk;; epiwe;j jpUehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.
ftpaurH fz;zjhrd; ijg;nghq;fiyj; ijg;ghitahf> fd;dpj;
jkpod;id tbthf cUtfpj;J jpUg;ghit>
jpUntk;ghit ghba Mz;lhs;> khzpf;fthrfH ,UtuJk; jkpo;eilapy;> ghit ,yf;fzj;jpy; Kg;gJ
ghly;fs; ghbAs;shH.
nkhj;jk; njhz;Zhw;whW tif rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; (gpuge;jk;) ,Ug;gjhf jkpo; ,yf;fz Ehy;fs;
nrhy;fpd;wd. mg;gbahd ,yf;fzEhy;fs; ghl;bay; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. ghl;L vd;gJ MFngauhf
,yf;fpaj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,ay; vd;gJ ,yf;fzj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
Mw;Wg;gil> Nfhit> cyh> me;jhjp> fyk;gfk;>
gps;isj;jkpo;> guzp> rjfk;> JhJ> gs;S> FwtQ;rp> ghit> Cry;> ntl;rp
khiy> fue;j khiy> tQ;rp khiy> fhQ;rp khiy> iff;fpis khiy> fhg;gpak;>
Guhzk; Nghd;wit mtw;wpy; rpythFk;.
ftpaurH fz;zjhrdpd; ijg;ghit. jpUg;ghit> jpUntk;ghit
,uz;bdJk; mb> rPH> jis> moF> kzk; khwhJ jpfo;fpwJ."ghNlNyhH
vk;ghit" vd;w tpspAld; jpUg;ghitAk; jpUntk;ghitAk; KbtJ Nghy; fz;zjhrdpd;
ijg;ghit "ijg;ghit" vd;w tpspAld; KbfpwJ.
vq;fs; rKjhak;
Voh
apukhz;L
jpq;fs;Nghy; tho;e;J
nrq;fjpHNghy; xsptPRk;
kq;fhj NghHf;fsj;Jk;
khshj
tPuHgil
fq;Fy; mfnkd;Wk;
fhiyg; Gwnkd;Wk;
nghq;fp tpisahbg;
GfNol;bw; FbNawpj;
jq;fp epiyj;Jj;
jioj;jpUf;Fk; fhl;rpjidf;
fz;fhz te;j
fiytbNt epj;jpyNk!
nghq;fw;ghy;
nghq;fpg;
G+TjpHg;gha; ijg;ghtha;! (ghly; 28)
gpwf;Fk; Gj;;jhz;by; jkpo;kf;fs; kidnay;yhk;
nghq;fy; GJg;ghid> khtpiy Njhuzk;>
thrypy; tz;zf; Nfhyq;fs;> kQ;rs;> kyHfs;> re;jdk;> rt;thJ> kq;fstpsf;Ffs;
epiwal;Lk;> thnay;yhk; rHf;fiu> fUk;G> fw;fz;L> ghy;> gok;> Njd;>
,dpf;fl;Lk;. cs;snky;yhk; ctif> kfpo;r;rp
nghq;fl;Lk;. ehis ,sq;fhiy>
G+j;njOk; fPo;thdj;Nj> tpbaYf;fhd G+ghsk; ,irj;J ek;gpf;ifAld; jkpo;kz;zpd; gRk;Gy;
tpupg;gpy; fhy; gjpj;J nghq;fw;ghy; nghq;f thuha; ijg;ghtha;! tho;j;Jiuj;J te;jUs; nra;
ijg;ghtha;!; (ed;wp-<oKuR)
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