| rpdpkh Nkhfj;jpy; KOfpg; Ngha;tpl;l jkpofk; ef;fPud; (1)
fiy tse;jJk; ,q;Nfjhd; fapyhrehjid KUfid nfhl;lif tsHe;jgpwF ehl;bNy tho;f;iff;F ,q;Nf tbfhy; NtZk; 'Mz;ghtk;' jpiug;glj;jpy; ,irQhdp ,isauhrh ghba
,e;jg; ghly; rpdpkhf; fiyapd; xsp Kfj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; rpdpkhtpw;F ,d;ndhU
,Uz;l KfKk; ,Uf;fpwJ! rpdpkh xU tYthd Clfk; vd;gJ vy;NyhUk; xj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;w
cz;ik. rpdpkh njhlq;fp EhW Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhfptpl;ld. ,Ue;Jk; rpdpkh Nkhfk; ,d;Dk;
tpl;lghby;iy. cyfk; G+uhTk; jpiug;glj; njhopy; tsHr;rp mile;J nfhz;Nl tUfpwJ. jpiu ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzk;gw;wp nrhy;yte;j ngupahH '',irf;Fk;
ebg;gpw;Fk; fUj;Jk; nra;jpfSk; gpujhdkhFk;. mLj;jjhfNt Rit
gpujhdkhFk;. Mdhy; EfHNthUk; ,irj;J ebg;NghUk;> nra;jpiaAk; RitiaAk; gw;wpf;
ftiyg;glhky;> EfHNthHfs; Neug; Nghf;Ff;Fk; NtW gy
fhl;rp ,d;gj;jpw;Fk; mijr; rhf;fh itj;J EfHtjhYk;> ,irj;J ebg;NghHfs; nghUSf;Fk; NtW Ra
eyj;Jf;Fk; gad;gLj;JtjhYk; mjw;F cz;lhd gad; Vw;glhky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ'' vdf; ftiyapdhy;
fz;bf;fpwhH. Kjd;Kjy;
xU rpdpkhg; glk; gpbf;Fk; fUtpiaf; fz;Lgpbj;j ngUik njhkh]; vbridr; rhUk;. Mdhy; mtUf;Fr;
rw;Wg; gpe;jp (1895) gpuQ;R ehl;ilr; NrHe;j Yhap Yhkpa (Louis Lumiere )
glg;gpbg;Gf; fkuhitf; fz;L gpbj;jhH. mJ vbrdpd; glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpiatpl ,yFthdJ. fhiyapy;
glk;gpbj;J> kj;jpahdk; Nrhjidf; $lj;jpy; fOtp khiyapy; Gwn[f;lupd; cjtpAld;
jpiuaplg;gl;lJ! Kjd; Kjy; me;jg; glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpapy; mfg;gl;l fhl;rp Ciotat vd;w efupy; xU Jupj njhlHtz;b gazk; nra;tJ! me;jg;
glj;NjhLjhd; jpiug;gl tuyhW njhlq;fpaJ. Kjy;Kiw
ntspte;j jpiug;glj;jpd; ngaH ''xU Njrj;jpd; gpwg;G'' (The Birth of
a Nation"). ntspte;j Mz;L 1915. ,lk;
mnkupf;fh. mjd; gpd; n[Hkdp> cUrpah Nghd;w ehLfs; glj; jahupg;gpy; ,wq;fpd. 1915 -1936 ,ilapy;
nkhj;jk; 17 glq;fNs jahupj;J ntspte;jd vd;gijg; gbj;jhy; ePq;fs; tpag;giltPHfs;! Mdhy;
mJjhd; cz;ik. 1929Mk; Mz;Nl NgRk;glq;fs; jahupf;Fk; Kiw fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJ. rhHyp rg;ypd;
njhlHe;J Ngrhg;glq;fisNa jahupj;J te;jhH. 1925 Mz;by;jhd;
'vbw;wpq;' fiy njhlq;fpaJ. mjd; %yfHj;jh Id;];jPd; ( Eisenstein) vd;w Gfo;ngw;w
mwptpayhsH vd;gJ gyH mwpe;jpuhj nra;jp. jkpo;ehl;by; Kjd;
Kjy; jahupj;J ntspte;j jpiug;glk; fPrf tjk; (1917) MFk;. mjd; jahupg;ghsH MH. eluhr
KjypahH. nrd;id> Gurthf;fpy;jhd; ,e;jpa gpypk; fk;gdp vd;w ngaupy; glk; gpbf;Fk;
fiyf;$lk; ,Ue;jJ. mLj;j glk;
''kPdhl;rp fy;ahzk;.'' Kjy;Kiwahf 35 kp.kP. %tp fkuhthy; vLf;fg;gl;l glk;. glj;jpy; ebf;f
jkpoHfs; jhuhskhf Kd;tuhjjhy; ( fkuhTf;F Kd; epd;why; MAs; Fiwe;JtpLk; vd;w %lek;gpf;if)
Mq;fpNyh ,e;jpaHfis ebf;f itj;Jg; glk; gpbf;fg;gl;lJ! glj;ij
jpiuapl;lNghJ xUj;juJ jiyiaAk; fhztpy;iy. flTspd; rhgj;jhy;jhd; mg;gbj; jiyfs; fhzhky;
NghdJ vd;W kf;fs; Ngrpf; nfhz;lhHfs;! Mdhy; nyd;rpy; Vw;gl;l NfhshWjhd; mjw;fhd cz;ikahd
fhuzk;. Nfhtyd; (1930) vd;w
glj;jpy; kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; Nfhapy; NfhGuj;ijf; rha;e;jpUf;fpwkhjpupahd Nfhzj;jpy;
fhl;baNghJ ,urpfHfs; jq;fs; jiyNky; mJ tpOe;JtpLk; vd;W gae;J jpiug;gl muq;if tpl;L Xbg;NghdhHfs;! jkpopy; Kjy;Kjyhf
ntspte;j NgRk; glk; ''fhspjh];.'' ,J 1931,y; gk;ghapy; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. up.gp.
,uh[y\;kpjhd; glj;jpd; fjhehafp. mtH jkpopy; ghb ebf;f njYq;Ff; fjhehafd; njYq;fpy; ghb
ebj;jhH! ,jd; ,af;FdH vr;.vk;. nul;b. vk;.Nf.
jpahfuhrg;ghftjH Nf. mRtj;jk;kh ebj;J ntspte;j ''rpe;jhkzp'' vd;w glk; 1937,y; ntspte;jJ. mjid ,af;fpatH it. tp. uht;. ,ir ghgehrk;rptd;. ,J xU Mz;Lf;F Nkyhf jpiuauq;Ffspy; Xbg; ngUk; gzk;
Ftpj;jJ. ,e;jg; glj;jpd; jahupg;ghsHfs;
rpe;jhkzp vd;w ngaupy; kJiuapy; ,uz;L jpiuauq;Ffisf; fl;bdhHfs;. ,e;jg; glj;ij
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ghHj;jtHfspy; rpyH 'rpe;jhkzp' 'rpe;jhkzp' vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L
njUtpy; jpupe;jjhf gpwH nrhy;yf; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;! ,d;W
glj;jahupg;gpy; jkpo;ehNl ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mz;nlhd;Wf;F jkpopy; kl;Lk;
ruhrup 175 glq;fs; ntsptUfpd;wd. thndhypapy; xypiaf;
Nfl;fyhk;. NgRfpwtH my;yJ ghLfpwtH ,tHfisg; ghHf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; jpiug;glk; mg;gbay;y.
fz;Zf;Fk; fhJf;Fk; xNu Neuj;jpy; tpUe;J! rpd;dj;jpiu te;j
gpd;dUk; ngupajpiuf;F ,Uf;fpw kTR Fiwahky; ,Uf;fpwJ. Muk;gj;jpy; fHehlf
,ir epiwe;j Guhzg; glq;fNs ntspte;jd. me;j Nghf;if khw;wp r%fg; ghHit cs;s
glq;fs; ntsptuf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtHfs; ,UtH.
xUtHmwpQH mz;zh. kw;wtH fiyQH fUzhepjp. mwpQH mz;zhtpd; Ntiyf;fhup (1948)>
ey;yjk;gp> fiyQH fUzhepjpapd; guhrf;jp jkpo;j; jpiuAyfpy; ngupa Gul;rpia> jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,JNghd;w
jpiug;glq;fs; r%fj;jpy; GiuNahbg; Ngha;tpl;l rhjp mikg;G> jPz;lhik> rPjdk;> ngz; mbikj;jdk;> %lek;gpf;if Nghd;w tpahjpfis
XusT Fzg;gLj;j cjtpd. fl;lnghk;kd;> rptnfq;ifr; rPik> fg;gNyhl;lba jkpod;> ,uh[uhr Nrhod;> ghujp Nghd;w tuyhw;Wk; glq;fs; jkpo; kf;fspilNa fle;j fhyr; rpwgh;ig ngUikia czHj;j cjtpd. gpd;dH fl;lk;
fl;lkhf jpiuAyfpy; Ml;rp nra;jtHfs; vk;[pMH> rpth[p fNzrd;> n[kpdp fNzrd;>
fkyfhrd;> u[pdp. ebiffs; rNuh[hNjtp> n[ayypjh> Nf.MH. tp[ah. ,ir [p. ,uhkehjd;.
tpRtehjd; ,uhk%Hj;jp. ,isauhrh> V.MH. uFkhd;. ghly;fs;
fz;zjhrd;> thyp> gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk;> ituKj;J. ghbatHfs; rpjk;guk;
n[auhkd;> rTe;juuhrd;> ghyRg;gpukzpak;> NaRjh];> vk;.vy;. tre;jFkhup> v];.
[hdfp> gp. yPyh MfpNahH. ghujpuh[h>
,isauh[h> nry;tuh[; (glg;gpbg;ghsH) ,tHfNs fpuhkj;ijAk;> ehl;Lg;ghly;fisAk; jpiuf;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J Gul;rp nra;jtHfs;. 1967Mk; Mz;L
njhlf;fk; jpiug;glj;Jiw rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfNs jkpo;ehl;bd;
Kjy; mikr;rHfshf gjtp tfpj;J te;jpUg;gJ cyf rhjid vd;Nw nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. xU fj;jp kUj;JtH
ifapy; ,Ue;jhy; capiuf; fhg;ghw;Wk;. mNj
fj;jp nfhiyfhud; ifapy; ,Ue;jhy; xU capH NghFk;. ,e;j Nkw;Nfhs; rpdpkhTf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ,d;iwa jpiuAyfpy;
njhopy;El;gk; tsHe;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; fij> trdk;> ,ir> ghly;fspd; juk;
Nja;e;jpUf;fpwJ. Nja;e;J tUfpwJ. kpf mUikahf> tpjptpyf;fhfNt 'njdhyp' Nghd;w ey;y
glq;fs; ntsptUfpd;wd. ,g;Nghnjy;yhk;
ftHr;rpf;F kl;LNk Kjy; ,lk; nfhLj;Jg; glq;fs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xU miuFiw epHthz
eldk;> fjhehafd; jdpNa ,UgJ Ngiu mbj;J nehUf;Fk; 'Fk; Fk;' mbjb rz;il> fjhehafpia
fw;gopf;Fk; Fbfhu tpy;yd;> fjhehafpia Nrhiy> kiy> flw;fiu vd tpl;Lj; Juj;Jk;
fjhehafd; ,g;gbahd FUl;L tpjpKiw (formula) glq;fNs
ntsptUfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd;
jpiuf;fijfs; gpw;Nghf;Fj;jdkhd rpe;jidfisAk; fhyj;Jf;F xt;thj fUj;Jf;fisAk;< gz;ghl;Lr;
rPuopTfisAk; gpujpgypg;gdthf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ciuahly;fs; ,ul;il
mHj;jj;jpy; vOjg;gLfpd;wd. ghly;fs; fpS fpSg;ig Cl;lj;jf;f tpurkhd Nghf;fpy; nghUs; ,y;yhJ
vOjg;gLfpd;wd. mwptpaypd; ed;nfhilahd
jpiug;glj;ij %l ek;gpf;iffis tsHg;gjw;Fk;> jd;dk;gpf;ifia Fiyg;gjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jp khdpl
rKjhaj;jpw;F JNuhfk; ,iog;gjw;Fk; . gFj;jwpTr; rpe;jidiaf; $Hikg; gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gjpy;
kOq;fbf;fg; gLtjw;Fk; gad;gl;L tUfpwJ. miuj;j
khitNa miuj;J fhyj;ij tPzhf;fpwhHfs;. jpiug;glj;jpy;
,lk;ngWk; Mq;fpy Mjpf;fk;gw;wp Vw;fdNt 'Kof;fk;' Vl;by; tpupthf vOjpapUf;fpNwd;. jkpo;g; glq;fSf;F
xU ey;y jkpo;g; ngaH itf;f kdkpy;yhj giftHfs; ,d;W jpiuAyif Ml;rp nra;J tUfpwhHfs;. vijnaij vg;gbnag;gb
vLj;jhy; mJ ,og;gpd;wp XLk; vd;gjpy; kl;LNk jahupg;ghsHfs;> ,af;FdHfs; Fwpahf
,Uf;fpwhHfs;! mg;gb ,Ue;Jk; Ehw;Wf;F njhz;ZhW tpOf;fhLg; glq;fs; Njhy;tpiaj; jOTfpd;wd. jpiug;gl tuyhw;wpy;
vk;[pMH xUtNu jd;idg;gw;wpa xU gbkj;ij Gwepiyg;gLj;jp
(project) te;jtH. vy;yhg;
glj;jpYk; ebf;fhky; fijiaAk; jhd; ebf;f Ntz;ba ghj;jpuj;ijAk; ed;F Nfl;lwpe;j gpd;dHjhd;
ebf;f xg;Gjy; nfhLj;jhH. fij gpbf;fhtpl;lhy; fijia khw;wr; nrhd;dhH. ve;jg; glj;jpYk; mtH
Nghj;jpYk; ifAkhfNth> nfhs;spf;fl;ilAk; thAkhfNth Njhd;wNt ,y;iy. mjdhy;jhd; kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; mtUf;F msg;gupa nry;thf;F filrptiu
,Ue;jJ. rpth[p fNzrd;
thj;jpahiutpl jpwkhd ebfH. ebfH jpyfk; vd;W gl;lk; thq;fpatH. Mdhy; mtUf;F kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; vk;[pMUf;F ,Ue;j nry;thf;fpy; Ehw;wpy; xU gq;F $l
,Uf;ftpy;iy. jdpf; fl;rp
Muk;gpj;J murpaypy; Fjpj;j vk;[pMH Kjyikr;ruhdhH. jdpf; fl;rp Muk;gpj;J murpaypy; Fjpj;j
rpth[p fNzrd; ngaiuAk; gzj;ijAk; ,oe;jhH. rpdpkh r%fj;ij
kfpo;tpf;Fk;> mwpitAk; xOf;fj;ijAk; xOq;FgLj;Jk;> topelj;Jk;
xU typikahd nghOJ Nghf;F Clfk; vd;gjpw;Fg; gjpy; mJ gz;ghl;bd; rPuopTf;F ,d;W topNfhyp
tUfpwJ. mwptpay; fUtpiaf;
nfhz;L mwpahikia %lj;jdj;ijg; gug;Gk; NfL nfl;l fhupaj;jpy; gbj;jtHfs; <LgLfpwhHfs;.
fiyQHfs; mjw;Fj; Jiz NghfpwhHfs;. rpdpkh Nkhfj;jhy; nfl;Lg; Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
jkpof ,isQHfisf; fhg;ghw;w 'rpd;dg; ngupahH' vd;W miof;fg;gLk; lhf;lH v];. ,uhkjh];
vjpHg;Gf;F kj;jpapYk; Jzpe;J Kd;te;jpUf;fpwhH. ,isQHfisf;
nfLg;gjpy; u[dp Kjy;tupirapy; ,Uf;fpwhH vd;W
mtH Fw;wk; rhl;bAs;shH. (tsUk;) (Kof;fk; - xf;NjhgH 25>2002) rpdpkh Nkhfj;jpy;
KOfpg; Ngha;tpl;l jkpofk; jkpo;ehl;bd; mLj;j Kjy;tH ahH? ef;fPud; (2) lhf;lH v];. ,uhkjh];
ghl;lhsp kf;fs; fl;rp epWtdH vd;gJ njupe;jNj. td;dpaupd; eyidg; ghJfhf;f Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l td;dpaH rq;fk;jhd; gpd;dH
ghl;lhsp kf;fs; fl;rp vd;w ngaNuhL xU murpay; fl;rpahf cUthdJ. td;dpaHfs; mjpfsT thOk; njd; MHf;fhL tl MHf;fhL khtl;lq;fspy; ,e;jf; fl;rp nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;FfpwJ. lhf;lH
,uhkjhrplk; fhzg;gLk; Fzhk;rq;fspy; Jzpr;ry; Kf;fpakhdJ. jdJ kdJf;F vJ rupnadg;gLfpwNjh
mjidj; JzpNthL nrhy;yptpLfpwhH. ,jpy; kw;w murpay;thjpfs;Nghy; NjHjy; ,yhg ,og;Gf; fzf;F
mtH ghHg;gjpy;iy. ghgh
glk; nrd;w Mf];l; khjk; 14Mk; ehs; nrd;idapy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjid ntspapl u[pdpfhe;j; mnkupf;fhtpy;
,Ue;J 1966-k;
Mz;L mnkupf;fhtpy; FbNawpa rr;rpjhde;jh mq;F tH[Pdpah vd;w efupy; gr;ir gNrnyd;W kiyj;
njhlH gpd;dzpapy; midj;J nka; xspf; Nfhapy; (Light of truth Universal Shrine) fl;bapUe;jhH. ghgh
glk; Rthkp rr;rpjhde;jhTf;F rpwg;ghfg; Nghl;Lf; fhz;gpf;fg; gl;lJ. Mdhy; ghgh glj;ijg;
ghHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghJ Rthkpf;F %r;Rj; jpzwy; Vw;gl;L kaq;fpr; rupe;jhH. mtiu mg;NghNyh
kw;Wk; Ngh&H kUj;Jtkidapy; NrHj;J
itj;jpak; nra;jhHfs;. itj;jpak; gypf;fhky; mtH 'Kf;jp' mile;jhH. mtH ,wf;Fk;NghJ mtUf;F
mfit 88. ghgh
glk; ntspaplg;gl;lNghJ mjd; RUs; ngl;bfSf;F u[pdpapd;
urpfHfHfs; ghyhgpNrfk; nra;jhHfs;. #lk; rhk;gpuhzp nfhSj;jpf; Fk;gpl;lhHfs;! u[pdpapd;
ngupa fl;-mTl;Lf;fis njUKidfspy; itj;jhHfs;. me;jf;
fl;lj;jpy;jhd; lhf;lH ,uhkjh]; jdJ Kjy; fizia u[pdp Nehf;fp VtpdhH. ''u[pdpfhe;j;; Fbg;gof;fj;ijAk; rpfnul; gpbg;gijAe;jhd; jkpo;ehl;L
,isQHfSf;Ff; fw;Wj; je;Js;shH. ghgh glj;jpy; jz;zp jk; ,uz;Lk; mbf;fpw u[pdp
jkpo;ehl;L ,isQHfSf;F jtwhd Kd; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,Uf;fpwhH. u[pdp ebj;j glq;fis
td;dpaHfs; ahUk; ghHf;f $lhJ. mtUf;F ,urpfH kd;wk; itf;ff; $lhJ. ,Uf;fpw rq;fq;fspy;
,Ue;J td;dpa ,isQHfs; tpyfNtz;Lk;'' vd lhf;lH ,uhkjh]; Ntz;LNfhs;
tpLj;jhH. ,jid mLj;J ghgh glk; jpiuaplg;gl;l tl MHf;fhL njd;MHf;fhL Nghd;w
khtl;lq;fspy; vjpHg;Gf; fpsk;gpaJ. jpiuauq;Ffs; Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. glr; RUs;fs;
nfhs;isabf;fg;gl;ld. gjpYf;F u[pdpfhe;jpd; urpfHfs; lhf;lH ,uhkjhrpd; cUtg; nghk;ikfisf;
nfhSj;jpdhHfs;. u[pdpfhe;j; lhf;lH ,uhkjhir ePjpkd;wj;jpy; re;jpf;fg;Nghtjhf mwp;f;if
tpl;lhH. re;jpf;f ehd; jahH vd;W lhf;lH ,uhkjh]; gjpYf;F mwpf;if tpl;lhH. ey;yfhykhf epyik
NkhrkhFKd; ,Ujug;gpdUk; jpBnud jq;fs; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; iftpl;lhHfs;. ,g;NghJ kPz;Lk; lhf;lH ,uhkjh]; rpdpkh jkpofj;ij rPuopf;fpwJ vd;W NghHf;nfhb
Jhf;fpAs;shH. rpdpkh Nkhfj;jpy; %o;fpAs;s ,isQh;fis kPl;gNj vdJ Kjy; gzp>
fiyf;fy;Y}hpfs; r%f tpNuhjpfspd; $lhukhf cs;sJ vd lhf;lh; uhkjh]; $wpAs;shH. murpaypy; lhf;lH ,uhkjhRf;F vjpUk; GjpUkhf ,Uf;Fk; tpLjiyr; rpWj;ijfs; jiytH
jpUkhtstDk; rpdpkh Nkhfk; xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdr; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhH. Nfhit khtl;l kdpj Nea ghriw rhh;gpy; ''rpdpkhTk;
rPuopTk;'' vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; md;dg+h;zh N`hl;ly; fiyauq;fpy; fle;j xf;NjhgH 27
(QhapW) fUj;juq;F xd;W ele;jJ. mjpy; Ngrpa lhf;lh; ,uhkjh];- ''rpdpkhthy; rPuopfpwth;fSf;F vd;d khjphpahd
itj;jpak; mspg;gJ vd;W fz:lwpa Ntz;:Lk;. itj;jpaj;jpy; gy Kiwfs; cs;sd. ehl;by; elf;Fk;
ey;y fhhpaq;fis xU rpdpkhtpy;$lr; nrhy;ytpy;iy. vl;L taJ Foe;ij Kjy; Kjpath;fs; tiu
rpdpkhTf;F mbikahfpf; fplf;fpwhh;fs;. rpdpkh %yk; kf;fSf;F gad;juf;$ba fUj;Jf;fisj;
juf;Nfhhp ehd; rpdpkh fiyQh;fs; xt;nthU gphptpdUf;Fk; fbjk; vOjp cs;Nsd;. '',e;j tplaj;jpy; ehd; kl;Lk;jhd; Fuy; nfhLj;J
tUfpNwd;. NtW ve;j murpay; thjpAk; Fuy; nfhLf;f tpy;iy. khwhf> kw;w murpay;thjpfs;
vd;id jdpikg; gLj;j Kaw;rp nra;fpwhh;fs;. mt;thW jdpikg;gLj;j tplhky; vdf;F ePq;fs;
(nghJkf;fs;) cWJizahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; XUrpy thf;FfSf;fhf [hy;uh
mbf;fpwhh;fs;. rpdpkhtpy; td;Kiwia J}z;Lk; fhl;rpfs;> Mghrj;ij ntspf;fhl;Lk;
fhl;rpfs;> ngz;:zbikia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; fhl;rpfs;jhd; epiwa cs;sd. ,Jgw;wpa tpopg;
Gzh;T ,isQh;fs; kj;jpapy; fl;lhak; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;'' vdr; #lhfg; NgrpdhH. ghgh glj;jpy; u[pdp ehj;jpfdhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJk;
jz;zp jk; mbf;fpwhH. Mj;jpfdhf khWk; NghJk; jz;zp jk; mbf;fpwhH. xU fhl;rpapy; u[pdpapd;
thapy; ,Ue;j nfhs;spf;fl;ilia kdP\h nfha;uhyh ifahy; vLj;J tPRfpwhH. Mdhy; mLj;j tpehb
,d;ndhU nfhs;spf; fl;il u[pdpapd; thapy; ke;jpuj;jhy; te;JtpLfpwJ! u[pdpfhe;j; Rthkp rr;rpjhde;jh
kw;Wk; ,kakiyapy; 2>000 Mz;Lfshf capNuhL thOk; ghgh ,UtuplKk; jPl;ir ngw;wtH. mtH
ebg;Gf;NfDk; ifapy; rhuhag; Nghj;jNyhLk; thapy; gPbNahLk; Njhd;wp ebf;fyhkh? ,jd; %yk; mtH
rKjhaj;Jf;F> Fwpg;ghf ,isa rKjhaj;Jf;F fhl;Lk; Kd; cjhuzk; ,Jjhdh? ,jdhy; rKfk;
rPuopAk; xOf;fk; nfLk; vd;W mnkupf;f Rthkp rr;rpjhde;jhTk; ,kakiy ghghTk; u[pdpf;Fr;
nrhy;ypf;nfhLf;ftpy;iyah? lhf;lH ,uhkjh];
''u[pdpfhe;j; rpfnul;ilj; Jhf;fpg; Nghl;Lg; gpbf;fpwJ> Kbiar; rpYg;GtJ> ifiar;
nrhlf;Fg; NghLtJ ,it ePq;fyhfj; jkpo;ehl;L kf;fSf;F ey;y tp\ak; VjhtJ fj;Jf;
nfhLj;jpUf;fhuh? Fbf;ff;$lhJ> rpfnul;> gPb gpbf;ff;$lhJD ve;jg; glj;Jy ahtJ
nrhy;ypapUf;fhuh?'' vd;w Nfs;tpfis vOg;GfpwhH. NkYk; ,tw;why; rpWtHfs; kdjpy; Vw;gLk;
ghjpg;ig xU vLj;Jf;fhl;NlhL tpsf;FfpwhH. ;; vdf;F njhpe;j ez;ghpd; 3 taJf; Foe;ij>
btpapy; rf;jp vd;w njhlhpy; tUk; xU ebfh; njhlh;e;J gPb rpfnul; Fbj;J tUtijf; fz;Ltpl;L
Ngg;giu rpfnul;il Nghy RUl;b Giff;Fk; gof;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. me;j ez;ghpd;
tPl;Lf;F cwtpdh; xUth; te;jhh;. Foe;ijaplk; ''cdf;F vd;d Ntz;Lk;?'' vd;whh;. me;j 3 taJ
Foe;ij> vdf;F 2 rpfnul; thq;fp jhUq;fs; vd;wJ. ,e;j gpQ;R kdjpy; rpfnul; vDk; eQ;R kPJ
Mir Vw;gl me;j btp njhlh; ebfhpd; ebg;Gf; fhuzk; my;yth?'' Nrbapy;yhj ,uh[Fkhup>
Nrhbapy;yhj khlg;Gwh> Nkhbnra;ahj Ntjhe;jp vg;gb cyfpy; ,Uf;f KbahNjh mNjNghy;
jkpo;j;jpiug; glq;fspy; jz;zp mbf;fhj> Gifgpbf;fhj fjhehafd;> tpy;yd; ,tHfs; ,y;yhj
ngupajpiu rpd;dj;jpiu glq;fisg; ghHf;fNt KbahJ. jkpo;j; jpiug;glq;fspy;
td;Kiwf;Fk; nfhQ;rKk; gQ;rkpy;iy. ,UgJ jbad;fs; cUl;il fl;ilfSld; fjhehafpia my;yJ
fjhehafdpd; jq;ifia flj;jpf; nfhz;L NghtJk; mijj; njhlHe;J ghjp
Mil ,y;yhj ghypay; td;Kiwf; fhl;rpfs; jhuhskhf vy;iy kPwpj; jpiufspy; fhl;lg; gLfpd;wJ.
,g;gbg;gl;l fhl;rpfisg; glj;jpy; itf;fhtpl;lhy; gl ,af;FdH; kz;il ntbj;Jr; nrj;Jg; NghthH vd;nwhU rhgk;
jkpo;j;jpiuAyfpy; ,Uf;fpwJ! jkpo;ehl;by;jhd; mjpf Fbg;
gof;fKila ,isQh;fs; fhzg;gLtjhf Gs;sp tptuq;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. fdTj;njhopw;rhiy vd;w
rpdpkhjhd; tho;f;if vd;W vz;Zk; ghku kf;fs; jkpofj;jpy; mjpfk;. kUj;Jt fy;Y}hp tpLjpapDs;
fQ;rh tpw;Fk; epiy ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpofj;jpy; nghJ ,lq;fspy; rpfnul;>
gPb Fbf;f $lhJ vd;W jil tpjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;Jk; rpdpkh Rtnuhl;bfspy; tpjtpjkhd ghzpapy; gPb> rpfnul; gpbf;Fk;
fjhehaf-tpy;yd; glq;fs; jkpofj;jpy; %iy KLf;nfy;yhk; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; mz;ikapy;
ntspapl;l mwpf;if xd;wpy; ,e;jpahtpNyNa
jkpofj;jpy;jhd; 13 tajpy; ,Ue;J 15 taJf;Fs; cs;s
rpWth;fs; 20.4 tpOf;fhL gPb> rpfnul; gpbj;J gpQ;R tajpNyNa tho;f;ifia mopj;Jf;
nfhs;tjhf jkpofj;ij vr;rhpj;Js;sJ. gPfhhpy; 7.2 tpOf;fhL
rpWth;fSk;> mrhkpy; 7.7 tpOf;fhL
rpWth;fSk;> Nkw;F tq;fhsj; jpy; 3 tpOf;fhL rpWth;fSk; rpfnul; Fbg;gjhf Gs;sp tptuk;
njhptpf;fpwJ. xg;gPl;lstpy; rpdpkh
njhiyf;fhl;rp ,uz;bdhYk; jkpofj;jpd; rpWth;fs;jhd; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. jkpo;j; jpiuAyfpy; ,d;W
me;epaH;fsJ Mjpf;fe;jhd; nfhbfl;bg; gwf;fpwJ. jkpo;j; njupahj ,e;jp> fd;dl ebiffs;jhd; jkpo;j; jpiug;gl fjhehafpfs;. nkhj;j
fjhehafHfspy; 11 NgH fd;dlHfs;. xU nrhy; jkpo;j; njupahj kiyahspfs; njYq;fH;fs; jkpo;j; jpiuapirg; ghly;fisg; ghLfpwhHfs;. mtHfs; thapy; ''cd; Kfj;ijg;
ghHj;Jj;jhd; #upad; vYe;J te;jhd;'' vd;Wk; ''Nrhiyf; fpyp xd;W ghLfpwJ'' vd;Wk; jkpo;
<T ,uf;fkpd;wp nfhiy nra;ag;gLfpwJ! jkpo;g;glq;fspd; ngaHfs;$l jkpopy; ,y;yhJ
Mq;fpyj;jpy; itj;Jj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;il xl;L nkhj;jkhfr; rPuopf;fpwhHfs;. ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; Kj;jha;g;G
itg;gJNghy mLj;j Kjy;tH ahnud;W Nfl;lhy; jkpofj;ij rPuopf;Fk; u[pdpfhe;j; vd;W gjpy;
tUfpwJ! u[pdpfhe;Jk; mjid cWjpg;
gLj;JtJNghy ''vdJ vjpupfis mLj;j NjHjypy;
re;jpg;Ngd;'' vd;W tPu trdk; NgrpapUf;fpwhH. u[pdpfhe;j; nrd;idapy;
jlGlyhf cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;jNghJ mjpKf> ghkf> tpLjiyr; rpWj;ijfs; ePq;fyhf kw;wf;
fl;rpj; jiytHfs; tupirapy; te;J mtUf;Fg; nghd;dhil NghHj;jp ifiag; gpbj;J Fk;GL
Nghl;Ltpl;Lg; NghdhHfs;. gh[fl;rp kw;Wk; ,e;jpa
fhq;fpu]; fl;rpj; jiytHfs; jpuhtplf; fl;rpfis
Xuq;fl;b tpl;L u[pdpfhe;j; jiyikapy;
Ml;rpiag; gpbf;fyhk; vdj; jdpj;jdp gfw;fdT fhz;fpwhHfs;. mWgJfspy; ebfHfs; ehlhs
tUtjh? $j;jhbfs; NfhNyhr;r Mirg;glyhkh? vd;W vJif Nkhidapy; Nfl;l ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]; ,g;NghJ
ebfH u[pdp fhypy; tpOtJjhd; Ntbf;if! Vd; fdT fhz khl;lhHfs;? fle;j 14 Mz;Lfspy; vk;.[p.MH.
tp.vd;.[hdfp> n[ayypjh vd;W 14 tUlq;fspy; %d;W rpdpkh ebfHfs; jkpofj;ij Ml;rp nra;J
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. 1977> 1980> 1984 vd;W
%d;W NjHjy;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W njhlHe;J %d;W
Kiw Kjy;tH gjtp tfpj;jtH vk;.[p.MH. vk;.[p.MH. kiwTf;Fg; gpwF 26
ehl;fNs Kjy;tH; gjtp tfpj;j mtuJ kidtp tp.vd;.[hdfp mk;ikahUk; rpdpkhtpy; ebj;Jg;
Gfo;ngw;wtHjhd;! 1991-2001 Mfpa ,U
NjHjy;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhd n[ayypjh 150 glq;fspy; Nkyhf
fjhehafpahf (ngUk;ghYk; vk;[pMNuhL) ebj;Jg; Gfo; ngw;wtH! ,g;NghJ u[pdp murpaYf;F tUthuh? tukhl;lhuh? vd;gJ VNjh
jiyNghfpw tplak; NghyTk;> u[pdp ifapy; 2001 taJ ,kakiy ghgh
nfhLj;j mw;Gj tpsf;F ,Ug;gijg; NghyTk; me;j tpsf;fpypUe;J Gwg;gLk; g+jk; xNu tpehbapy; fhkuhrH> gf;jtj;ryk;> mz;zh> fiyQH> vk;.[p.MH> Ik;;gJfspy;
rpdpkhthy;-rpdpkhf;fhuH;fshy; ehL rPuopAk;-fyhr;rhuk; rPuopAk; vd;W vOjpdhHfs;! vOgJfspy;
vk;.[p.Miuj; jiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L MbdhH;fs;! ,g;NghJ mNj ghzpapy; u[pdp
murpaYf;F tuNtz;Lk;> te;jhy; jPuhj gpur;idnay;yhk; jPHe;J Ngha;tpLk; vd;W vOJfpwhHfs;!
fle;j ehd;F khj fhyj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf ve;jg; gj;jpupifia vLj;jhYk; ''u[pdp; u[pdp; u[pdp
ghgh-ghgh-ghgh'' vd;w ke;jpu cr;rhldk;jhd;!'' ,g;gb jkpo;ehL VL xd;W vOjpapUf;fpwJ. jkpo;ehl;bd; ey;y fhyk; 80 Nfhbf;F tpw;gidahd
,e;jpu> ke;jpu> je;jpuk; epiwe;j ghgh
glk; t#ypy; gyj;j mb thq;fpaJ! u[pdpapd; urpfH gl;lhsj;jhNyNa me;jg; glj;ij jpiu
muq;Ffspy; 50 ehl;fs;$l Xl;l Kbatpy;iy! glj;ijthq;fpf; if
RLgl;ltHfSf;F Vw;gl;l ,og;igf; u[pdpfhe;j; <Lnra;a Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. jkpo;ehl;L kf;fis rpdpkh
Nkhfj;jpy; ,Ue;J kPl;nlLf;fg; Gwg;gl;bUf;Fk; lhf;lH ,uhkjhRf;F ,J ey;y nra;jp. rpdpkh
Ntz;lhk; vd;gJ my;y. mJ xU tYthd Clfk;. Mdhy; kUj;JtH ifapy; cs;s fj;jpNghy ehl;by; GiuNahbf; fplf;Fk; rhjpf; nfhLik>
jPz;lhik> ngz;zbik> tWik> %lek;gpf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jfh;f;Fk; fUtpahf mwptpay;
fz;Lgpbj;j Clfk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j r%feyg; gzpapy;
jPtpukhf ,wq;fpg; NghuhLk; lhf;lH ,uhkjhrpd; iffis vy;NyhUk; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. (''Kof;fk;'' - nehntk;gH 01>2002)
rpdpkh Nkhfj;jpy; KOfpg; Ngha;tpl;l
jkpofk; gapj;jpaj;jpw;F tapj;jpak; nra;ag; Gwg;gl;bUf;Fk; kUj;JtH ,uhkjh];! ef;fPud; (3) jkpo;ehl;by;jhd; mjpf Fbg; gof;fKila ,isQh;fs;
fhzg;gLtjhf Gs;sp tptuq;fs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. fdTj;njhopw;rhiy
vd;w rpdpkhjhd; tho;f;if vd;W vz;Zk; ghku
kf;fs; jkpofj;jpy; mjpfk;. kUj;Jt fy;Y}hp tpLjpapDs; fQ;rh tpw;Fk; epiy ,Uf;fpwJ.
jkpofj;jpy; nghJ ,lq;fspy; rpfnul;> gPb Fbf;f $lhJ vd;W jil tpjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;Jk; rpdpkh Rtnuhl;bfspy; tpjtpjkhd ghzpapy; gPb> rpfnul; gpbf;Fk;
fjhehaf-tpy;yd; glq;fs; jkpofj;jpy; %iy KLf;nfy;yhk; fhl;rpaspf;fpwd. Gifapdhy; Vw;gLk; NfLgw;wp
,d;W cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; gug;Giu nra;J tUfpwJ. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; mz;ikapy;
ntspapl;l xU mwpf;if xd;wpy; ,e;jpahtpNyNa
jkpofj;jpy;jhd; 13 tajpy; ,Ue;J 15 taJf;Fs; cs;s
rpWth;fs; 20.4 tpOf;fhL gPb> rpfnul; gpbj;J gpQ;R tajpNyNa tho;f;ifia mopj;Jf;
nfhs;tjhf jkpofj;ij vr;rhpj;Js;sJ. gPfhhpy; 7.2 tpOf;fhL
rpWth;fSk;> mrhkpy; 7.7 tpOf;fhL
rpWth;fSk;> Nkw;F tq;fhsj; jpy; 3 tpOf;fhL rpWth;fSk; rpfnul; Fbg;gjhf Gs;sp tptuk;
njhptpf;fpwJ. Gif
gpbj;jy; cly; eyj;jpw;Fj; jPq;fhdJ vd;W Mapuf;fzf;fhd tpsk;guq;fs;
ehs;NjhWk; te;Jnfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; mtw;iwg; gbj;Jtpl;L
njhlHe;Jk; Gifgpbj;Jf; nfhz;Ljhd;
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. Gif gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; cs;s xUtH jdf;F tuNtz;ba kuzj;ij 7 Mz;LfSf;F Ke;jpr;
re;jpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhH. cyfk; KOJk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; 35 ,yl;rk; NgH Gif gpbg;gjhy; tuf;$ba
Gw;WNeha; Nghd;wtw;why; ,wf;fpd;wdH. rpfnul; gpbg;gtHfSf;F vjpupy; epd;W nfhz;bUg;gjdhy;
Mz;LNjhWk; 10 ,yl;rk; NgH ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.
xt;nthU rpfnul;Lk; xUtdJ MAspy; 15 epkplq;fisf; Fiwf;fpwJ! ,e;jpahtpy;
20 Nfhb Mz;fSk; 5 Nfhb ngz;fSk; Gifapiyg; gof;fj;jpw;Fg; mbikahfpAs;sdH. kdpjHfisf;
nfhy;Yk; Kjy; 10 Neha;fspy; Gifgpbj;jy; ehd;fhtJ ,lj;jpYk;
kJ Ie;jhtJ ,lj;jpYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. mjhtJ (1) rj;JzTgw;whik (2) ghJfhg;gw;w ghypay; cwT
(Vapl;];) (3) ,uj;j mOj;jk; (4) Gifj;jy; (5) kJ (6) mOf;Fj; jz;zPH kw;Wk; nfLjyhd #oy; (7)
,Uk;Gr;rj;Jg; gw;whf;Fiw (8)cs;tPl;L neUg;gpdy; Vw;gLk;
Gifia Rthrpj;jy; (9) nfhnyh];Nuhwy; (10) kl;LkPwpa Jhypg;G (obesity). Gifapiyr;
nrbapd; G+HtPfk; tl-njd; mnkupf;fhjhd;. 1492 xf;NjhgH 15Mk; ehs; mnkupf;f ,e;jpaHfs;
fpwp];NjhgH nfhyk;gRf;F mjid ntFkjpahff; nfhLj;jhHfs;. tpiutpy; mJ INuhg;ghit nrd;wile;jJ.
1571,y; xU ,Rg;ghdpa kUj;JtH kUe;Jr; nrbfisg;gw;wp vOjpa Ehypy; Gifapiy 36 tpjkhd
Neha;fisf; Fzk; nra;Ak; vd vOjpdhH. Gifapiyapd; 'Gfo;' gutp mJ jq;fj;Jf;F <lhd
ehzakhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1836,y;
rhKNty; fpwPd; vd;gtH Gifapiy er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ mJ kdpjidf; nfhy;yf;$baJ vd;W $wpdhH. h1847,y; gpypg;]; nkwp]; ( Phillip Morris) vd;w fk;ngdp rpfnul; jahupg;gpy; <Lgl;lJ. mjidj; njhlHe;J 1875,y; I R.J. Reynolds Tobacco rpfnul; jahupg;gpy; Fjpj;jJ. ,uz;lhtJ cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpy; rpfnul; gpbf;Fk; gof;fk; ,uhZtj;jpduplk; mjpfupj;jJ. mjdhy; mjd; jahupg;G fz;kz; ,y;yhJ gy;fpg; ngUfpaJ. mWgJfspy;
Gif gpbj;jypd; nfLjpgw;wp mwptpayhsHfs; vOj
Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. nghJ ,lq;fspy; Gif gpbg;gJ vz;gJfspy; jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. mnkupf;fhtpy;
Vw;gl;l tpw;gidr; rupitr; rupf;fl;l Mrpahtpy;
jq;fsJ filia rpfnul; fk;gdpfs; tpupj;jd. Marlboro vd;w ngaupy;
jahupf;fg;gLk; rpfnul; Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 6000 Nfhb nlhyUf;F tpw;gidahfpwJ! tpw;gidia
mjpfupf;f rpfnul; jahupg;ghsHfs; nfhypTl; ebf ebiffspd; glq;fisg; gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;.
,jw;fhf glq;fspy; Gif gpbf;Fk; fhl;rpia Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw GFj;JfpwhHfs;. Humphrey Bogart vd;w ebfH
Gifapiyf;F mbikahfp Gw;WNeha; te;J nrj;Nj
NghdhH. mtuJ ,urpfHfs; mtiug; ghHj;J Gifgpbf;fg; gofp Mapuf; fzf;fpy; ,we;jhHfs;. u[pdpfhe;j;> fky;>
fhHj;jpf; Nghd;w ebfHfisg; ghHj;J vj;jid ,yl;rk; ,urpfHfs; rpfnul;il jhq;fSk; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw fpWf;Fj;jdk; jiyf;Nfwp ghoha;g;NghdhHfNsh njupahJ. ,d;W
mnkupf;fhtpd; nghUshjuj;Jf;F mr;rhzpNghy; Gifapiy cw;gj;jp tpsq;FfpwJ. mJ Ml;nfhy;yp vd;W
njupe;Jk; mjd; cw;gj;jp Cf;fptpf;fg;gLfpwJ! xg;gPl;lstpy; jkpo;r; rpdpkh
njhiyf;fhl;rp ,uz;bdhYk; jkpofj;jpd; rpWth;fs;jhd; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. jkpo;j;
jpiuAyfpy; ,d;W me;epaHfsJ Mjpf;fe;jhd; nfhbfl;bg; gwf;fpwJ. jkpo;j; njupahj ,e;jp>
fd;dl ebiffs;jhd; jkpo;j; jpiug;gl
fjhehafpfs;. nkhj;j fjhehafHfspy; 11 NgH fd;dlHfs;. xU nrhy; jkpo;j; njupahj kiyahspfs; njYq;fHfs; jkpo;j; jpiuapirg; ghly;fisg; ghLfpwhHfs;. mtHfs; thapy; ''cd; Kfj;ijg;
ghHj;Jj;jhd; #upad; vYe;J te;jhd;'' vd;Wk;
''Nrhiyf; fpyp xd;W ghLfpwJ'' vd;Wk; jkpo;
<T ,uf;fkpd;wp nfhiy nra;ag;gLfpwJ! jkpo;g;glq;fspd; ngaHfs;$l jkpopy; ,y;yhJ
Mq;fpyj;jpy; itj;Jj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;il xl;L nkhj;jkhfr; rPuopf;fpwhHfs;. ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; Kj;jha;g;G
itg;gJNghy mLj;j Kjy;tH ahnud;W Nfl;lhy; jkpofj;ij rPuopf;Fk; u[pdpfhe;j; vd;W gjpy;
tUfpwJ! u[pdpfhe;Jk; mjid cWjpg;
gLj;JtJNghy ''vdJ vjpupfis mLj;j NjHjypy; re;jpg;Ngd;'' vd;W tPu trdk;
NgrpapUf;fpwhH. u[pdpfhe;j; nrd;idapy;
jly;Glyhf cz;zhtpujk; ,Ue;jNghJ mjpKf> ghkf> tpLjiyr; rpWj;ijfs; ePq;fyhf kw;wf;
fl;rpj; jiytHfs; tupirapy; te;J mtUf;Fg; nghd;dhil NghHj;jp ifiag; gpbj;J Fk;GL
Nghl;Ltpl;Lg; NghdhHfs;. gh[fl;rp kw;Wk; ,e;jpa
fhq;fpu]; fl;rpj; jiytHfs; jpuhtplf; fl;rpfis
Xuq;fl;b tpl;L u[pdpfhe;j; jiyikapy;
Ml;rpiag; gpbf;fyhk; vdj; jdpj;jdpahfg; gfw;fdT fhz;fpwhHfs;. mWgJfspy; ebfHfs; ehlhs
tUtjh? $j;jhbfs; NfhNyhr;r Mirg;glyhkh? vd;W vJif Nkhidapy; Nfl;l ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]; ,g;NghJ
ebfH u[pdp fhypy; tpOtJjhd; Ntbf;if! Vd; fdT fhz khl;lhHfs;? fle;j 14 Mz;Lfspy; vk;.[p.MH.
tp.vd;.[hdfp> n[ayypjh vd;W 14 tUlq;fspy; %d;W rpdpkh ebfHfs; jkpofj;ij Ml;rp nra;J
,Uf;fpwhHfs;. 1977> 1980> 1984 vd;W
%d;W NjHjy;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W njhlHe;J %d;W Kiw Kjy;tH gjtp tfpj;jtH vk;.[p.MH. vk;.[p.MH. kiwTf;Fg; gpwF 26
ehl;fNs Kjy;tH gjtp tfpj;j mtuJ kidtp tp.vd;.[hdfp mk;ikahUk; rpdpkhtpy; ebj;Jg;
Gfo;ngw;wtHjhd;! 1991-2001 Mfpa ,U
NjHjy;fspy; ntw;wp ngw;W Kjy;tuhd n[ayypjh 150 glq;fspy; Nkyhf
fjhehafpahf (ngUk;ghYk; vk;[pMNuhL) ebj;Jg; Gfo; ngw;wtH! ,g;NghJ u[pdp murpaYf;F tUthuh? tukhl;lhuh? vd;gJ VNjh
jiyNghfpw tplak; NghyTk;> u[pdp ifapy; 2001 taJ ,kakiy ghgh
nfhLj;j mw;Gj tpsf;F ,Ug;gijg; NghyTk; me;j tpsf;fpypUe;J Gwg;gLk; g+jk; xNu tpehbapy; fhkuhrH> gf;jtj;ryk;> mz;zh> fiyQH> vk;.[p.MH> n[ayypjh KjyhdtHfshy; jPHj;J itf;f Kbahj czT> cil> tjptplk;
vy;yhtw;iwAk; jkpo;ehl;L kf;fSf;F ms;spf; nfhLj;JtpLk; vd;gJ NghyTk; jkpo;ehl;L nra;jp
Clfq;fs; ehSk; nghOJk; vOJfpd;wd! NgRfpd;wd! Ik;;gJfspy;
rpdpkhthy;-rpdpkhf;fhuHfshy; ehL rPuopAk;-fyhr;rhuk; rPuopAk; vd;W vOjpdhHfs;! vOgJfspy;
vk;.[p.Miuj; jiyapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L MbdhHfs;! ahH Kjyikr;ruhf te;jhYk;
jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjyikr;ruhf jkpod; xUtd;
te;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;gjpy; xU $l;lk; fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ! ,g;NghJ mNj ghzpapy; u[pdp
murpaYf;F tuNtz;Lk;> te;jhy; jPuhj gpur;idnay;yhk; jPHe;J Ngha;tpLk; vd;W vOJfpwhHfs;!
fle;j ehd;F khj fhyj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf ve;jg; gj;jpupifia vLj;jhYk; ''u[pdp; u[pdp; u[pdp''
''ghgh-ghgh-ghgh'' vd;w ke;jpu cr;rhldk;jhd;! ,g;gb jkpo;ehL VL xd;W vOjpapUf;fpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;bd; ey;y fhyk; 80 Nfhbf;F tpw;gidahd
,e;jpu> ke;jpu> je;jpuk; epiwe;j ghgh
glk; t#ypy; gyj;j mb thq;fpaJ! u[pdpapd; urpfH gl;lhsj;jhNyNa me;jg; glj;ij jpiu
muq;Ffspy; 50 ehl;fs;$l Xl;l Kbatpy;iy! glj;ijthq;fpf; if
RLgl;ltHfSf;F Vw;gl;l ,og;ig u[pdpfhe;j; <Lnra;a Ntz;ba epHg;ge;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. jkpo;ehl;L
kf;fis rpdpkh Nkhfj;jpy; ,Ue;J kPl;nlLf;fg; Gwg;gl;bUf;Fk; lhf;lH ,uhkjhRf;F ,J ey;y
nra;jp. rpdpkh Ntz;lhk; vd;gJ my;y. mJ xU tYthd Clfk;. Mdhy; kUj;JtH ifapy; cs;s fj;jpNghy
ehl;by; GiuNahbf; fplf;Fk; rhjpf; nfhLik>
jPz;lhik> ngz;zbik> tWik> %lek;gpf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jfHf;Fk; fUtpahf mwptpay;
fz;Lgpbj;j Clfk; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j r%fey> gz;ghl;Lg;
gzpapy; jPtpukhf ,wq;fpg; NghuhLk; lhf;lH ,uhkjhrpd; iffis vy;NyhUk; gyg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. (Kw;Wk;) (Kof;fk; - nehntk;gH08> 2002)
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