njYq;fpy;
ey;y ,ir EZf;fq;fs;> rq;fjpfs; ,Uf;fpwnjd;gJ kfs; jhiag; ngw;w fijNghd;wJ!
ef;fPud;
NtypNa gapiu Nka;tJ Nghy Mjp mUs;newp kd;wj; jkpo; ,irr; rq;fj;jpd; jiytp jpUkjp etuhrFyk; Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp jkpopirgw;wp cjpHj;j Kj;Jf;fis Kunrhyp Vl;by; (nehtk;gH 04) gbj;J mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;.
',g;NghJ ,irf;Fs; nkhopiag;
GFj;Jtjhy; gy ey;y ,ir EZf;fq;fs;> rq;fjpfisf; nfhz;l njYq;Fg;
ghly; ,d;W Nkilf;F tuhky; mope;J Nghfyhk;. jkpo;g; ghly;fistpl njYq;Fg; ghly;fspy; kpfTk;
epiwe;j ,ir EZf;fq;fs; cs;sd'' vd;gJjhd; jpUkjp etuhrFyk; Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp cjpHj;Js;s
Kj;Jf;fs; MFk;.
""vj;jidNah
jkpopir uhfq;fs; me;je;j Neuj;jpy;jhd; ghlg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;w epajpia itj;jjhy; gy jkpopir uhfq;fs; mope;J Ngha;tpl;ld'' vd;gJk; mNj thahy;
cjpHf;fg;gl;l Kj;Jf;fs;jhd;!
',irf;Fs; nkhopiag; GFj;Jtjhy;'
vd;W mtH nrhy;Yk;NghJ ,irf;Fs; jkpo; nkhopiag; GFj;jpdhy; gy ey;y ,ir EZf;fq;fs;>
rq;fjpfisf; nfhz;l njYq;Fg; ghly;fs; mope;J Nghfyhk; vd;why; ,irf;Fs; njYq;ifg; GFj;jpdhy;
jkpo;nkhopapy; cs;s 'nfhQ;reQ;r' ,ir EZf;fq;fs; rq;fjpfisf; nfhz;l ghly;fs; mope;J
Nghfhjh?
,irf;Fs; nkhopiag; GFj;Jtjhf jpUkjp
etuhrFyk; Gyk;GfpwhNu? jkpo;nkhop GFj;JtJ gpionad;why; njYq;Fnkhop GFj;JtJk; gpiojhNd?
mjhtJ ,irf;F nkhopapy;iy vd;gJjhd;
mtuJ thjk; vd;why; njYq;F nkhop kl;Lk; nkhopapy;iyah?
mJTk; jkpo;Nghy; ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; jkpopy; ,Ue;J gpwe;j xU nkhopjhNd!
,irf;Fs; njYq;F nkhopia kl;Lk; GFj;jyhk; jkpiog; GFj;jf;
$lhJ vd;gJ ve;jtif ePjp?
njYq;fpy; ,t;tsT Nkhfk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jpUkjp etuhrFyk; vjw;fhf
jkpopirr; rq;fj;jpd; jiytuhf ,Uf;fpwhH vd;gJ vkf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy. Ngrhky; jkpopir
rq;fj;jpd; ngaiu njYq;F ,ir rq;fk; vdg; ngaH khw;wk; nra;J tpLtJjhNd? mJjhNd epahak;?
''jkpo; ,ir vdf; fj;JgtHfs; ,ir
mwptpy;yhj ghkuHfNs'' vd;W jpUkjp jdNjtp
kpj;jpuNjth nrhy;thHfNsahdhy; ''njYq;F ,ir vdf; $f;Fuy; ,LgtHfs; jkpopir mwpahj
mwptpypfNs!'' vd;W ehq;fs; nrhy;y vj;jid tpehb gpbf;Fk;?
cz;ik vd;dntd;why; vg;gbj;jhd;
jpwikahfg; ghLfpd;wtHfshf ,Ue;jhYk;
jq;fSf;Fj; njYq;Fg; ghl;Lf;fspYk; Qhdk; cz;nld;W fhl;bf; nfhz;lhy; kl;LNk jhq;fs;
,yf;fzg;gb rq;fPjk; gapd;wtHfs; vd;W kw;wtHfs; vz;zpf; nfhs;thHfs; vd;w jho;Tr; rpf;fy;
,tHfSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ fhuzkhfNt njYq;F
nkhopf;F ,tHfs; yhyp ghLfpwhHfs; vd epidf;fpNwhk;.
my;yJ md;iwa ehs; jkpopir nghope;j
fPjh ,uhrNrfH vd;d ngupa ,irf; fiyQH? (rq;fPj tpj;Jthd;) mtUf;Fj;
jkpopirjhd; njupAk; Mdhy; vq;fSf;F
njYq;fpYk; ghlj; njupAk; vd;w tpj;Jtf; fha;r;ryhfTk;; ,Uf;fyhk;!
''vq;fs; giftH
vq;Nfh kiwe;jhH
,q;Fs;s jkpoHfs; xd;whjy; fz;Nl!''
vd;W ghba ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd;
tha;nkhop gypj;Jtpl;lnjd;W ehk; ,Wk;G+nja;jpf; nfhz;bUf;f '',y;iy ,y;iy! ehq;fs;
,Uf;fpNwhk;!'' vd jpUkjp etuhrFyKk; jpUkjp jdNjtp kpj;jpuhNjtpAk; Njhs; jl;LfpwhHfs;!
''njYq;Fg; ghly; ,d;W Nkilf;F
tuhky; mope;J Nghfyhk;'' vd;W jpUkjp etuhrFyk; gag;glNth my;yJ ftiyg;glNth Njitapy;iy.
njYq;Fnkhop NgRgtHfs; Me;jpuhtpy; VONfhb NgH ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. njYq;Fg; ghftjHfs;>
jpahfuhrupd; rPlHfs;. njYq;Fnkhop mopahky; ghHj;Jf; nfhs;SthHfs;.
njYq;Fnkhopf;F ahUk; rhk;gpuhzp
fhl;lhkNyNa ,g;gb MLk; jpUkjp. etuhrFyrpq;fk; kw;Wk; jdNjtp kpj;jpuNjth njYq;Fnkhopia
vJtiu fw;wpUf;fpwhHfs;? me;j nkhopapy;
mtUf;Fs;s Gyik (ghz;bj;jpak;) vd;d?
jpUkjp jdNjtp kpj;jpuNjth
(tlnkhopg;ngaH) aho;Ehy; fz;l ,irg; NguwpQH
<oj;J tpGyhde;j mbfistpl jhd; ngupa ,irtpw;gd;dH vd;W epidf;fpwhuh? me;jj; ijupaj;jpyh
''jkpo; ,ir vdf; fj;JgtHfs; ,ir mwptpy;yhj ghkuHfNs'' vdg; Gyk;gp ,Uf;fpwhH? ,y;iy
rgpj;jpUf;fpwhH?
,ir ghku kf;fSf;Fj;jhd;. vy;NyhUk;
,ir ty;YdHfshf ,Uf;f KbahJ. kf;fSf;fhf ,irNa
my;yhky; ,irf;fhf kf;fs; ,y;iy. jkpo;nkhop Nghy jkpopirAk; jkpoupd; gz;ghl;bd;
ntspg;ghLjhd;. mjid ahUk; kWf;f KbahJ.
Mjp mUs;newp kd;wk; mz;ikapy; elj;jpa fiykfs; tpohtpd; NghJ jpUkjp etuhrFyrpq;fj;jpd; newpahl;ifapy; mtuJ khztHfs; mLj;jLj;J 4 njYq;Ff; fPHj;jidfis ghbaNghJ mitNahH Kfl;ilg; ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L nfhl;lhtp tpl;lhHfs;. mjid mLj;J mtuJ khztHfs; jkpopy; ghbaNghJjhd; ghlypd; nghUis tpsq;fpf; nfhz;L kf;fs; mjid ,urpj;J ifnahyp vOg;gp jq;fs; kfpo;r;rpiaj; njuptpj;jhHfs;. ehl;lhH ghlYf;Ff; fpilj;j tuNtw;Gk; jkpopirf;Ff; fpilj;j xg;Gjy;jhd;.
jkpo;ehl;by; mz;zhkiy murH
Njhw;Wtpj;j jkpopirr; rq;fk; nghd;tpoh fz;l gpd;dUk;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy;
jkpopirf;F jdpj;Jiw cUthf;fpa gpd;dUk;> mtH njhlf;fp
itj;j jkpopir ,af;fj;jpd; vOr;rp miyfs; mq;fpq;F vd;dhjgb vq;Fk; nghq;fpg; gutpg; gha;e;J
nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,e;ehspy; ,q;F ,uz;nlhU 'tpj;Jthd;fs;' njYq;Ff;F Muhj;jp vLg;gJk; ',irf;F nkhopNtz;lhk;' vd;W Fuy; vOg;GtJk;> mJ fPr;Rf;Fuyhf
,Ue;jhYk;$l> kpfTk; tUe;jj;jf;fJ!
njhd;ikkpF jkpopirapd; khw;W tbtk;
fHehlf ,irnad;Wk;> jpahfuhrH fPHj;jidf;Fj; jkpo;g; gz;fNs Cw;W vd;gJk; Muha;r;rpfspd;
%yk; nrhw;nghUs;fspd; %yk; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd.
mz;zhkiy murH Njhw;Wtpj;j jkpopir
,af;fj;jpd; gadha; gd;dpUjpUKiwfs; kWkyHr;rp ngw;Ws;sd. jpiu ,irg; ghly;fs; tz;zj; jkpopy;
NtH nfhz;Ls;sd.
Kj;Jj; jhz;ltH> mUzhryf;
ftpuhaH> khupKj;jhgps;is %tupd; ,irg; ghf;fs; ntspr;rj;Jf;F te;Js;sd. Vw;wk;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
Mgpufhk; gz;bjupd; fUzhkpHj
rhfuKk;> tpGyhde;jupd; aho; EhYk; ,e;j ,af;fj;jpd; ,U fz;fshf xspA+l;Lfpd;wd.
,irty;YeHfs; KidtH v];.
,uhkehjd;> gz;zhuha;r;rp tpj;jfH Fle;ij g.Re;jNurH> KidtH tp.gh.fh. Re;judhH>
cLkiy ehuhazftp> ,irQhdp ,isauhrh> V.Mh;. uFkhd; Nghd;NwhH jkpopirf;F tdg;igAk;
tsj;ijAk; Njbf; nfhLj;Js;shHfs;.
kfhftp ghujpahH> Gul;rpf; ftpQH
ghujpjhrd;> ftpauR fz;zjhrd;> Rj;jhde;j ghujpahH> ng.Jhud;> ftpauR tapuKj;J
Nghd;NwhH ghba ,irg; ghly;fs;
nts;spj;jpiuapYk;> rpd;dj;jpiuapYk;> thndhypapYk; Gj;jk; Gjpa nghypitAk; tho;itAk; jkpopirf;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Js;sd!
,e;jg; ghlyhrpupaHfs; ,aw;wpa
ghly;fis kJuf; Fuypy; ghbg; ngUik
NrHj;jtHfs; ,irauR jz;lghzp NjrpfH> Vopir kd;dH vk;.Nf. jpahfuhr ghftjH> gp.A+.
rpd;dg;gh> ,irkzp rPHfhop Nfhtpe;juhrd;> ,irr;rpj;jH rpjk;guk; n[auhkd;> kJiu NrhK> ,irf;Fapy;
Nf.gp. Re;juhk;ghs;> #ykq;fyk; rNfhjupfs; Nghd;NwhH Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftHfs;.
,tHfs; ghba ghly;fs; Mbg;ngUf;nfdg;
ngUfp ghkuupd; neQ;rq;fisj; jhyhl;b rPuhl;b tUfpd;wd!
jkpopir ,af;fk; vd;gJ xU nkhop
,af;fk; vd;gNjhL epy;yhky; mJnthU ,d vOr;rpapd; ntspg;ghlhfTk;
tpsq;fp tUfpwJ.
,e;j ,af;fj;jpd; tPr;Rf; fhuzkhfNt
jpUf;FwSf;F ,ir tFj;Jk;> gl;bdj;jhH> jhAkhdtH ghly;fSf;F gz; tFj;Jk; ngUik
NrHf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
mg;gUk;> MSilg; gps;isahUk;>
Re;juUk; mUkzpthrfUk; ghba gz;Rke;j ghly;fSk;> nrhd;dhNy
tha; kzf;Fk; mUzfpupehjupd; jpUg;GfOk;> mUl;gpufhr ts;syhupd; jpUtUl;ghTk;>
khzpf;fthrfupd; jpUntk;ghitAk;> Mz;lhspd; jpUg;ghitAk; ,d;W
tPjp NjhWk;> CH NjhWk;> cyfk; NjhWk; cyh
tUfpwnjd;why; me;jg; ngUik jkpopir ,af;fj;ijNa rhUk;.
vdNt jkpo; ,iriatpl njYq;F ,ir crj;jpahdJ> njYq;fpy; ey;y ,ir EZf;fq;fs;> rq;fjpfs; ,Uf;fpwnjd;gJ kfs; jhiag; ngw;w fijNghd;wJ!
(tsUk;)
ef;fPud;
(2)
jkpopir njhd;ikahdJ. gpw;fhyj;jpy;
Ntw;W nkhop Mjpf;fj;jhy; jkpopir khw;wk; ngw;W fHehlf ,irahdJ. ,ir Nkilfspy; jkpopirf;Fg; gjpy; Ntw;W nkhopapir
,irf;fg;gl;lJ. mz;zhkiy murH> je;ij ngupahH> MH.Nf. rz;Kfk; (nrl;bahH) Nghd;NwhHfs;
Kaw;rpahy; jkpo;ehl;by; jkpopir ,af;fk; JspH tpl;lJ.
jkpo;ehL KOJk; jkpopiria nfhl;b
Kof;fj; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lNj je;ij ngupahH
jkpopir kd;wk;. ''jkpo;ehl;L ,ir Nkilfspy; jkpOf;F Kjy; ,lk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;> jkpod;
jhd; EfUk; ,iria jkpopy; EfuNtz;Lk;. Nfl;Fk; ,aw;Wk; ghly;fs; jdpj;
jkpopy; ,aw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ghLk; ghly;fs;
jkpopy; ghl Ntz;Lk;. jkpoHfisg;gw;wpg; ghl Ntz;Lk;. jkoHfSf;Fg; gad; jUkhW ghl
Ntz;Lk;. jkpoHfSf;F Vw;wk; jUkhW ghl Ntz;Lk;'' ,itjhk; jkpopirgw;wp je;ij ngupahupd;
fUj;J.
je;ij ngupahH tpijj;j tpij ,d;W
My;Nghy; jisj;J mWFNghy; NtNuhb Xq;fp
tsHe;Js;sJ. jkpopirf;Fg; Gjpa tz;zKk; tdg;Gk; Njhd;wpAs;sJ.
,d;W Mz;LNjhWk; eilngWk; Njthu
%tupir tpoh> je;ij ngupahH jkpopir kd;w tpoh> jpUQhdrk;ge;jH ,ir tpoh Nghd;wit ,e;j
jkpopir ,af;f Mw;wpd; ngUf;Nf!
jkpo;nkhopia Kj;jkpo; vd;W miog;gJ
,yf;fpa tof;F. mjd; Kk;iknfhz;L Kj;jkpo; vdg;gLfpwJ. mjd; nrk;ik nfhz;L nre;jkpo;
vdg;gLfpwJ. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;w %d;W jkpOk; tuyhw;Wf; fhyk;njhl;L jkoHfspd;
thoptpay; gFjpahf ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ.
,iwtidNa
Vopiraha;> ,irg;gadha; fz;L fspj;Jg; Nghw;wpatHfs; ehSk; jkpo; tsHj;j ehad;khHfs;.
jkpo;kf;fspd;
tho;NthL ,ir ,uz;lwf; fye;jpUe;jikia jkpo;nkhopapy; ,d;wpUf;Fk; kpfg; gioa ,yf;fz Ehyhd
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpYk; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fshd gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fspypUe;Jk;
njupe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,irf;F ,yf;fz Ehy;fs; ,Ue;jij-
njhy;fhg;gpak;
''euk;gpd;kiw''vdg;gLk; ,irEhy; ,Ue;jijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
""msgpwe;
JapHj;jYk; xw;wpir ePlYk;
csntd nkhopg
,irnahL rptzpa
euk;gpd; kiwa
vd;kdhH GytH""
vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpa
R+j;jp;uj;jpdhy; mwpayhk;. ",aw;wkpopy; capH vOj;Jk; xw;nwOj;Jk; xypf;Fk; epiy
NtW> mt;ntOj;Jf;fs; ,irj;jpopy; xypf;Fk;
xypepiyNtW> mjid mt;tpir Ehy;fspy; fz;Lnfhs;f"" vd;fpwhH njhy;fhg;gpaH.
"kiw" vd;why; Ehy; vd;W nghUs;.
NkYk; ''mirAk; rPUk; ,irnahL NrHj;jp'' vd;W njhy;fhg;gpaH
etpy;fpwhH. njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wk; mftw;gh> ntz;gh> tQ;rpg;gh> gupgh vd;gd
,ir;ghly;fNs. fypg;ghtpd; cWg;Gfshfpa juT> jhopir> Rupjfk;> tz;zfk;>
mk;Nghjuq;fk; ,irg; ghf;fNs!
njhy;fhg;gpaH tz;zk; ,UgJ tif vd;ghH.
""tz;zk; vd;gJ re;j
NtWghL"" vd;ghH NguhrpupaH.
ghm tz;zk;> jhm tz;zk;> ty;ypir
tz;zk;> nky;ypir tz;zk;> ,iaG tz;zk;> msngil tz;zk;> neLQ;rPH tz;zk;>
FWQ;rPH tz;zk;> Gwg;ghl;L tz;zk;> xOF tz;zk;> vz;Z tz;zk;> mifg;G tz;zk;>
Jhq;fy; tz;zk;> Ve;jy; tz;zk;> cUl;L tz;zk;> KLF tz;zk; vd tz;zq;fs; ,Ug;gijf;
$wp mtw;wpd; ,yf;fz xOq;ifAk; jdpj;jdpNa NguhrpupaH Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.
,JNghyNt rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,irr;
gz;fs;> ,irf;fUtpfs;> ,irf; fiyQHfs; gw;wpa Vuhskhd nra;jpfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.
Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpakhd
rpyg;gjpfhuKk; mjw;F mUk;gj ciufhuH mbahHf;F ey;yhH ciuAk;; jkpopirg; ngUf;iff; fhl;lg;
NghJkhdJ. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; ,ir EZf;fj;ij Muha;e;J ''aho;Ehy;'' vd;w gilg;ig tpGyhde;j
mbfs; vOjpapUf;fpwhH.
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s
tupg;ghly;fs; midj;Jk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. Itif (Njhw;fUtp> Jisf;fUtp> euk;Gf;fUtp>
fQ;r(cNyhf)f;fUtp> kplw;W (fOj;J)f; fUtpgw;wp mNj rpyg;gjpfhuk; tpupj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
gd;dpUjpUKiwapy; fhzg;gLk; nkhj;jk;
18>350 ghly;fSk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. jpUNeupir> jpUtpUj;jk;> jpUf;FWe;njhif>
jpUj;jhz;lfk; vd;gdTk; ,irg; ghly;fNs.
jpUQhdrk;ge;jH jpUf;Nfhapy;fs;
NjhWk; nrd;W topgLk;NghJ jd;NdhL jpUePyfz;l aho;g;ghziuAk; mioj;Jg; Nghthuhk;. jpUePyfz;l
aho;g;ghzH rk;ge;jupd; Njthug; ghly;fSf;F aho; thrpj;jhH. aho;g;ghzupd; top te;jtHfNs
jpUKiwfSf;F gz; mikj;J XjpAk; te;jhHfs;. ,tHfs; 'XJthH %Hj;jp' vd;W
miof;fg;gl;ldH. jpUf;Nfhapy;fspYk; irt MjPdq;fspYk; jpUKiwfs; 1300 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf
XJthHfshy; Xjg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
Nrho kd;dHfspd; Ml;rp KbTw;w gpd;dH
,tHfis Mjupg;ghH ngUksT ,y;yhikahy; gy gz;fs; tof;nfhope;J Nghapd. Kd;dH ,Ue;j 103
gz;fspy; ,f;fhyk; gapyg; ngWtJ 23 gz;fNs. vdpDk; rpy gz;fs; tbtk; khwp ,f;fhy ,uhfq;fspd;
rhaiyg; ngw;wpUf;fhyhk;.
jkpoH Itif
epyj;Jf;Fk; FwpQ;rpg;gz;> Ky;iyg;gz;> kUjg;gz;> nea;jw;gz;> ghiyg;gz; fz;ldH.
mNjNghy; me;j Itif epyj;Jf;Fk; mNj ngaupy; Itif ahioAk;> njhz;lfg;giw (FwpQ;rp)>
VWNfhl;giw(Ky;iy)> kzKoT (kUjk;) kPd;Nfhl;giw (nea;jy;)> epiuNfhl;giw (ghiy) vd
Itifg; giwiaAk; fz;ldH.
gz;Zk; giwAk;
fz;lNjhL epy;yhky; ,d;d gz; ,d;d nghOJ ghlj;jf;fJ vd ,yf;fzKk; tFj;jdH. ahkk; FwpQ;rpg;
gz;Zf;FupaJ. khiy Ky;iy rhjhupg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. tpbfhiy kUjg; gz;Zf;FupaJ. ez;gfy; ghiyf;F
cupaJ.
vl;Lj;njhif
Ehy;fspy; xd;whd GwdhEhw;wpy; ts;sy;fspy; xUtdhd es;sp ms;spf;nfhLj;j gupRfspd;
kaf;fj;jhy; ghzH fhiyapy; ghLk; kUjg; gz;iz
khiyapYk;> khiyapy; ghLk; nrt;topg; gz;iz fhiyapYk; Kiwkhwpg; ghLfpwhHfshk;. td;guzH
ghba me;jg; ghly; ,J.
""es;sp
thopNah es;sp es;nsd;
khiy kUjk;
gz;zpf; fhiyf;
iftop kUq;fpy;
nrt;top gz;zp
tuntkH kwe;jdH
mJeP
GuTf;fld; G+z;l
tz;ik ahNd!"" (Gwk; 149)
Ntjid vd;dntd;why; ,tw;iwAk; ,g;NghJ
,oe;Jtpl;Nlhk;! ,oe;jjw;F ''jkpopir ,uhfq;fs; me;je;j Neuj;jpy; jhd; ghlg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
epajpia itj;jjhy; jkpopir ,uhfq;fs; mope;J Ngha;tpl;ld'' vd;gJ rupay;y. ek; Kd;NdhHfs;
mspj;j nry;tq;fis ghJfhf;fj; njupahJ ePUf;Fk; neUg;Gf;Fk;
fhyk;NjhWk; ,oe;J te;jNj mtw;iw ehk; ,oe;jikf;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. jkpopdk; Ntw;W
nkhopf;fhuHfSf;F mbikg;gl;lJ ,d;ndhU Kf;fpa fhuzk;.
jkpo;ehl;L ,ir
Nkilfspy; Ntw;W nkhopapy; mjhtJ njYq;fpy; ghLtJ vd;w tpahjp xU Ehw;whz;L fhyj;Jf;F Kd;dNu
mjhtJ kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH fhyj;jpypUe;Nj tUfpwJ.
""ehDk;
ghHj;Jf;nfhz;Nl tUfpNwd;> ghl;Lf; fr;Nrup njhlq;FfpwJ> tpj;Jthd; "thjhgp fzgjpk; vd;W Muk;gk;
nra;fpwhH."uhkeP ]khd nktU" "kupahj fhJuh' "tuK nyh]hfp" .......
IiaNah IiaNah xNu fij. (tsUk;)
"'mtd; vd;dNkh nrhd;dhNd>
rq;fjp> mnjy;yhk; Nghl;Lg; ghL!'' -ghujpjhrd;
ef;fPud;
(3)
'"thjhgp fzgjpk;' "uhkeP
]khd nktU" "kupahj fhJuh' "tuK nyh]hfp" ....... IiaNah IiaNah
xNu fij.''
Ntjid my;yJ Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why;
kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH gl;l Jd;gk;
Nghd;w Jd;gj;ij jpUkjp etuhrFyrpq;fk; kw;Wk;
jpUkjp jdNjtp kpj;jpuNjth Nghd;NwhHfshy;
ehq;fs; ,g;NghJk; mDgtpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ!
ghujp ftpjh kz;ly gzpkidapy;
ghNte;jH Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; ,Ue;jhH. mg;NghJ jpUkjp etuhrFyrpq;fk; mtHfs;
nrhy;ypaJNghy gQ;rhgNfra;aH vd;gtH ''njYq;F rk];fpUjk; Nghd;W jkpopy; fPHj;jdq;fs;
ghl KbahJ. mt;thW ghbdhYk; mit jhsj;jpw;Fk;
rq;fjp Nghl;Lg; ghLtjw;Fk; xj;JtuhJ'' vd;whH.
mg;NghJ ghNte;jH cldpUe;j v];.Mh;.
Rg;gpukzpaj;ijg; ghHj;J> ''Rg;gpukzpah> mtd; vd;d nrhd;dhd;. jpahfuhrH fPHj;jidNghy; jkpopy;
ghlKbahJ! mJ vd;d jpahfuhrh; fPHj;jid ,q;F VjhtJ ,Uf;fh?'' vd;whH.
',q;fpUf;fpwJ' vd;W RNjrkpj;ud;
fpoik Vl;by; cs;s nkhopngaHg;Gk; ,iraikg;Gk; vd;w gj;Jf; fPHj;jidfisf; nfhLj;jhH
Rg;gpukzpak;. Nky; epfo;e;jtw;iw Rg;gpukzpaNk $WfpwhH.
rhg;gpl;L te;jTld; ftpQH vOjpdhH. ''ep[kHk
KyD'' vd;Dk; fPHj;jidiaj;
jpahfuhrH Kj;jpiuAld; vOjpdhH.
''cilahNu ghL'' vd;whH. mtUld; NrHe;Jk; ghbdhH.
'mtd; vd;dNkh nrhd;dhNd> rq;fjp> mnjy;yhk; Nghl;Lg; ghL!'' vd;whH. mtUk; ghbtpl;L '',e;jg;ghl;L mw;Gjk;! mw;Gjk;!'' vd;whH.
gj;Jf; fPHj;jidfis nkhopngaHj;jhH.
ftpjh kz;lyj;jpy; ntspapl;Nlhk;'' vd;W v];.Mh;. Rg;gpukzpak; ghNte;jupd; nkhopngaHg;Gf;
fPHj;jidfs; gpwe;j #oiyf; Fwpj;Js;shH. (= Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH ftpjh kz;lyk;-01-03-1935)
ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd; ',iraKJ' vd;w
EhypYk;> ghly; njhFjpfspYk;> Fapy; ,jopYk; gy ,irg;ghly;fis vOjp ntspapl;Ls;shH.
''ghlfHfhs;>
NjhAe;Njd; epfHjkpohw; ghlhNk njYq;fpiriar; nrhy;ypg;
gpr;ir <Aq;fs; vd;gPNuh?''
vd;Wk;
nre;jkpopy;
,irg;ghly;fs; ,y;iynadr;
nrg;GfpdwPH khd kpd;wpg;
ige;jkpopy; ,irapd;Nwy; gho;q;fpzw;wpy;
tPo;e;Japiu kha;j;j yd;wp
ve;jkpopy; ,irapy;iy ve;jha;f;Nf
cilapy;iy vd;g Jz;Nlh
ce;jkpio mwptPNuh jkpowpTk;
cs;sJNth cq;fl; nfy;yhk;?
vd;Wk;
''ntspapdpNy
nrhy;tnjdpy; ck;epyik
ntl;ff;Nf ld;Nwh? ePtpH
fpspNghyr; nrhy;tjd;wpj; jkpo;Ehy;fs;
Ma;e;J fpopj;jpl;BNuh?
Gspnad;why; Gyp vd;Nw cr;rupf;Fk;
GypaPNu GSf Ntz;lhk;
JspawpTk; jkpo;nkhopapy; cs;sJNth?
ghlfHf;Fr; nrhy;tPH
nka;aha;.''
vd;Wk;
jkpo;f;ftpQH gy;NyhH cs;shH
cikj;jho;T gLj;jhjPH''
vd;Wk;
''jkpo;ehl;Lg;
ghlfNu jkpo;ghbj;
jkpo;khdk; fhg;gPH ed;Nw''
vd;Wk; jkpopaf;fg; ''ghlfH'' gFjpapy; ,q;Fs;s jpUkjpfs;
,UtUf;Fk; czHT nghq;fr; nrhy;ypAs;shH!
NkYk;
''vd;dUikj;
jkpo;ehl;il vopw;wkpohy;
EfNuNdh nrtpapy; ahz;Lk;
fd;dy;epfH jkpopirNa NfNsNdh?''
vd;W Vq;FfpwhH.
jkpopir MHtyH vdj; jk;ikf; fhl;bf;
nfhs;thH rpyH gw;wpAk; Rl;LfpwhH.
''ve;ehSk;
jkpopirNa ghL NthHfs;
,Uf;fpd;whH rpyHvd;why; mtiu tpl;Lg;
nghd;dhfj; njYq;fpirgh bLthH ek;ikg;
Nghaiog;ghH jkpopirNa ,af;F NthHfs;
nrhd;dhYk; tha;ehWk; nra;if md;Nwh?
njhl;lnjy;yhk; Nkw;G+r;R tQ;rk; #o;r;rp''
jkpopy;
,irapy;iy> ,irnad;why; mJ njYq;F ,irjhd; vd;w khia ntF fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
Mdhy; ,w;iwf;F
,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dH> jkpoupd; nghw;fhyk; vd tHzpf;fg;gLk;
rq;f fhyj;jpy; jkpopy; jkpopir nts;skhfg; gutpg; gha;e;NjhbapUe;jpUf;fpwJ. fypg;ghTk; mjd;
cWg;Gfshfpa juT> jhopir> Rupjk;> tz;zfk;> mk;Nghjuq;fk; Nghd;w ,irg;ghf;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghy;
gjpw;Wg;gj;Jk; ,irg; ghly;fNs. xt;nthU ghl;bd; epiwtpYk; Jiw> tz;zk;> Jhf;F> ngaH
vd;Dk; ehd;F Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. (tsUk;)
,d;iwa fHehlf rq;fPjk; jkpopirNa!
ef;fPud;
(4)
Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;>
jpUf;NfhitahH> jpUtpirg;gh> jpUtha;nkhop> jpUg;Gfo;> jpUNeupir>
jpUtpUj;jk;> jpUf;FWe;njhif> jpUj;jhz;lfk;> jhAkhdtH fz;zpfs;> ts;syhupd;
jpUtUl;gh> fhtbr;rpe;J> rpj;jHghly;fs;> FwtQ;rp> gs;S> fPHj;jidfs; ,it
ahTk; jkpopirg; ghly;fNs.
Njthug; ghly;fs; ,e;jsk;>
rPfhkuk;> el;lghil> FwpQ;rp> tpahof;
FwpQ;rp> Gw ePHik> nrt;top> nfhy;yp Nghd;w jkpo;g; gz;fspy; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd.
itztHfspd; (njd;fiy) Ntjk; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ehyhapu jpt;tpag;gpuge;jKk; jkpopirg; ghly;fNs.
,jidg; ngha;ifaho;thH njhlf;fk; jpUkq;if Mo;thH tiu gd;dpU Mo;thHfs; mUspr;
nra;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. Mo;thHfs; jhq;fs; ghba ghly;fis ,ir khiy vd;Nw $wpAs;shHfs;.
''GJitg; gl;ld;
ciuj;j jkpo; ,d;dpir khiy''
vdg;
ngupaho;thUk;>
'',d;dpirahy;
nrhd;d nrQ;nrhy; khiy''
vd Mz;lhSk;>
''ey;ypirj; jkpo;
khiy''
vdf; FyNrfug; ngUkhSk;>
''ey;ypir khiyfs; ehypuz;Lk;''
vdj; jpUkq;if Mo;thUk;
''gz;zhH ghly;
,d;ftpfs;''
''Mapuj;Js;
,itANkhH gj;J ,irnahLk;''
''gz; jiyapy;
nrhd;d jkpo;''
vd ek;kho;thUk; jhq;fs; ,aw;wpa gpuge;jq;fs; ehyhapuKk; jkpopirNa vd
mOj;jk; jpUj;jkhfr; nrhy;fpwhHfs;.
,g;gbg;
ghlg;gl;l ghly;fspy; jpUtha;nkhopf;F kJuftpfs; gz; mikj;Js;shH. mtw;wpd; vz;zpf;if
,Ugj;jpnahd;W. ngupa jpUnkhopapy; VO gz;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
jpUkq;if
Mo;thH mUspr; nra;j ghly;fSf;F mtNu ,ir
mikj;Jg; ghbajhfj; njupfpwJ. vQ;rpa ghly;fSf;F Njtfhd Kiwapy; ehyhapu
jpt;tpag;gpuge;jq;fisj; njhFj;j ehjKdp mtHfsJ kUkf;fs;
gz;fisAk; jhsq;fisAk; mikj;jhHfs;. (ehj itztk;- gf;fk; 52-59)
jkpo;g;
gz;fspy; mbg;gilahdJ Ky;iy aho;. Kjypy; aho; vd;W toq;fpaJ gpd;dH gz; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.
gz; jkpopy; toq;fp te;j gok; ngaH. (gQ;rkuG> Re;juk; ciu).
,uhfk; vd;w tlnrhy; kjq;f up\p fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J toq;fp tUfpwJ. mjw;F Kd;dH mJ [hjp vd;w ngaupy; guj KdptH fhyj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
gpq;fy epfz;L jkpopirapy; 103 gz;fs;
cz;nld;W nrg;GfpwJ. irtklq;fspy;Xjg;gLk; gz;fs; 21 vd;Wk;
mtw;iw XJk; fhyk; fhiy> khiy> gfy; vd tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,d;iwa fHehlf
rq;fPjk; jkpopirad;wp
Ntwy;y. gd;dpuz;lhk; Ehw;whz;by; NrhNk];tu
Gy;Nyhfkhy; (1116-1127) vd;w kfhuh\;bu FWepy
kd;dd; njd;dpe;jpa rq;fPjj;ij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L "khdr cy;yhrk;" vd;w ,ir Ehnyhd;iw Mf;fpdhd;. jdJ ehl;bw;F njw;NfAs;s
ehLfspy; fHehlfk; kfhuh\;buj;Jf;F mLj;J ,Ue;jjhy; jhd; fz;L Nghw;wpa njd;ehl;Lr; rq;fPjj;jpw;F
"fHehlf rq;fPjk;" vd;W ngaH itj;jhd;. mtd; fhyj;jpy; njd;dhl;by; ,Ue;j rq;fPjk;
jkpo;rq;fPjk; xd;Wjhd;.
vdNt fHehlf ,ir vd;gJ njd;dfj;jpd; ,ir kuigf; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. mjd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F NtWtpjkhd tpsf;fKk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fU
vd;gJ fUikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ikak; vd;w nghUspYk; me;jr; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Mq;fpNyauJ
tUiff;F Kd;dH njd;dfk; gpd;tUk; gFjpfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
jpUtpjhq;$H
- ngUksT ,d;iwa Nfusk;
ik#H- ngUksT
,d;iwa fd;dlk;
fHehlfk; - ,d;iwa jkpo;ehL (1950,y; ,Ue;j kjwh]; khepyk;)
,d;iwa
Me;jpuk;
(gpupj;jhdpa
fiyf; foQ;rpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; fHehlf epyg; glj;ijg; ghHf;fTk;)
fHehlfg;
gFjp Mq;fpNyauJ Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;lNghJ mjw;F Madras Presidency
vd;W ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mNj Nghy; md;iwa
nrd;id gl;bdk; Madras City vdg;
ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJjhd; jkpofj;jpd; Gjpa jiy efukhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJ
kPz;Lk; kjwh]; nrd;id vd 1996 Mk; Mz;L jkpof
murhy; ngaH khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lJ. nrd;id vd;w ngaH njYq;F-fd;dl murdhd nrd;dg;gh
Njtuhad; vd;gtidf; Fwpg;gjhfTk;.
jkpopy; cs;s VO ,irAk; rq;ffhyk; njhl;L> mjhtJ fpwpj;J gpwf;f Kd;dH> ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. tlnkhop ];tuq;fs; fp. gp. 5k; Ehw;whz;by; gpupfNjrp vd;gtuhy; Kjd; Kjy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; fhzg;gLk; Note 10k; Ehw;whz;il NrHe;j Guido d'Arezzo vd;gtuhy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (tsUk;)
ef;fPud;
(5)
jkpopirj; Jiwapy;
Vw;gl;l kWkyHr;rp fhuzkhf ,d;iwa ,ir epfo;r;rpfspy; ,irf; fiyQHfs; ngUk;ghYk; jkpopNyNa
ghLfpwhHfs;.
jq;fs;
tpj;Jtj;ijf; fhl;l njYq;Ff; fPHj;jidfisg; ghbNa jPUNthk; vd;W
mlk;gpbf;Fk; ,irf; fiyQHfs; ,d;W mUfp tUfpwhHfs;.
,ir epfo;r;rpapy;
jkpo;g; ghl;Lf;fis epiwag; ghLfpwtHfspy; ,uh[p NfhghyfpU\;zd; xUtH. ''vd;
,ir epfo;r;rpapy; jkpog; ghl;Lf;fis epiwag; ghLfpNwd;. epr;rakhfj; jkpo;ghly;fs; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L
Kjd;ikahf ,Uf;Fk;. ghgehrk; rptd; cl;gl jkpopy;
vt;tsT mw;Gjkhd thf;Nfaf;fhuHfs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs.; xt;nthd;Wk; gpukhjkhd ghly;fs;'' vd;W
kiyf;fpwhH ,uh[p NfhghyfpU\;zd;.
,uh[papd; FUehjH
Kk;igapypUf;Fk; b.MH ghyhkzp. gy;ytp ghLtjpy; #uH vd;W ngaH vLj;jtH. ''vd; mg;gh gp.tp eluh[d;jhd; vd; Kjy; FU. Kk;igapy;
epiwa ,ir epfo;r;rpfs; gz;zpapUf;fpwhH. rpd;d tajpypUe;Nj ,ir vd;NdhL fye;Jtpl;lJ'' vd;W Gd;diff;Fk; ,uh[p ,irf; fofk; cl;gl gy kd;wq;fsplk; tpUJfSk;
gl;lq;fSk; ngw;wtH. ('FKjk;')
Guhjd jkpo; ,irf;
fzpjj;jpd;gb Fuy; "k" vd;w Kjy;
Ruk;. Jj;jk; - g> iff;fpis - j> cio - ep> ,sp - r> tpsup - up> jhuk; -f vd
tFfg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j VO ,irfspd; Xirf;F ctik
KiwNa tz;L> fpsp> Fjpiu> ahid> Fapy;> NjD> ML vd;gitahFk;. ,e;j
,irfspd; Ritf;F ctik KiwNa Njd;> japH> nea;> Vyk;> thiof;fdp>
khJsq;fdp vd;gitahFk;.
vdNt jkpopy;
,Ue;j VopirfisNa tlnkhopapy;
"rg;jRuq;fs;" vd;W vOjp itj;jhHfs;. Fuy; Kjy; Ruk; \l;[kk; (r) vd;Wk;> Jj;jk;
,uz;lhk; Ruk; up\gk;(up) vd;Wk;> iff;fpis %d;whk; Ruk; fhe;jhuk; (f) vd;Wk;> cio
ehd;fhk; Ruk; kj;akk; (k) vd;Wk;> ,sp Ie;jhk; Ruk; gQ;rkk; (g) vd;Wk;> tpsup Mwhk;
Ruk; ja;tjk; (j) vd;Wk;> jhuk; Vohk; Ruk; ep\hjk; (ep) vd;W khw;wp vOjg;gl;lJ. ,tw;wpd;
Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; rupfkgjep Mapd.
jhuk; tlnkhopr;
nrhy;yy;y. tlnkhopapy; jhuj;Jf;F NtW nghUs; cz;L.
jhuj;jpy; ,Ue;J
cioAk; cioapy; ,Ue;J FuYk; FuypypUe;J ,spAk;> ,spapy; ,Ue;J Jj;jKk;> Jj;jj;jpy;
,Ue;J tpsupAk; tpsupapy; ,Ue;J iff;fpisAk;
Njhd;wpd.
Fuy;>
Jj;jk;> if;fpis> cio> ,sp> tpsup> jhuk; Nkdhl;birapy; TONIC, SUPERTONIC, MEDIATE,
SUBDOMINANT. DOMINANT. SUB MEDIANT, LEADING NOTE vdf;
Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,e;j Mq;fpyr;
nrhw;fs; jkpo; nrhw;fNshL fUj;jpy; xj;jpUg;gJ ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ. Fuy; vd;gJ TONE vd Mq;fpyj;jpy;
nghUs;gLk;. TONE vd;gjpypUe;J TONIC vd Nky;ehl;ltH
Kjy; Ruj;Jf;Fg; ngaupl;ldH.
,ir> $j;JfSk;
,ay;Nghd;w ,yf;fz tuk;Gf;F cl;gl;Nl ele;jd. ,jid ''tlntOj;njhuP, te;j vOj;jhNd fl;lg;gl;l
thf;fpaf; $WfSk; ,aypir ehlfq;fSk; vd;W nrhy;yg; glhepd;w %d;W jkpo;fSk;'' vdtUk;
rpyg;gjpfhu mUk;gj ciuAk; mbahHf;F ey;yhH ciuAk; xUkpj;Jf; $Wjyhy; mwpayhk;. jpthfu
epfz;by; tUk; jkpopir gw;wpa Ehw;ghf;fs; ,it.
''FuNy Jj;jk;
iff;fpis cioNa
,spNa tpsup jhuk; vd;wpit
vOtif ,irf;Fk; va;Jk; ngaNu.''
''kplWk; ehYk;
mz;zKk; rpuKk;
new;wpAk; neQ;Rk; ehrpAk; KiwNa
Fuyhjp Vopirf;Fg;gpwg; gplNk.''
'',sup Jj;jk;
Fuy; Vw;Fee; ehd;Nf
fpisAk; tpsupAk; Kk;%d; WioAk;
jhuKk; ,t;tpuz; Nlopir khj;jpiu.''
''nksty; Ky;iy flk;G tQ;rp
''M < C V I X
xs vDk;
,t;Nt noOj;Jk; Vopirf; Fupa.''
fHehlf ,ir> njYq;F ,ir ,tw;iwtpl jkpopir njhd;ikahdJ
vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;lNt ,e;j Ehw;ghf;fis Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bNdd;. (tsUk;)
kiwf;fg;gl;l
jkpopir cyfpd; Kk;%Hj;jpfs;
ef;fPud;
(6)
jkpopy; njhy;fhg;gpaH fhyk;
njhl;L ,Ue;j VopirfNs tlnkhopapy;
"rg;jRuq;fs;" vd;W toq;fyhapw;W vd;gij Kd;dH ghHj;Njhk;.
\l;[kk; up\gk; fhe;jhuk; kj;akk; gQ;rkk; ijtjk; ep\hjk;
vd;w tlnkhop ];tug; ngaHfs; gy;ytH fhyj;jpNy tof;Fw;Wtpl;ld.
kNfe;jputHkd; ntl;ba FLkpahkiyf;
fy;ntl;by; ,g;ngaHfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ''rpj;jk; ekr;rptha'' vd;W njhlq;fg;gLk; gy;tifg; gz;fisAk; jhstiffisAk;
FLkpahkiyf; fy;ntl;L tpup;j;Jf; $wp ,Wjpapy; '',e;j vl;bw;Fk; Vopw;Fk; cupa'' vd;W
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. kNfe;jputHkd; jhd; vOjpa kj;j
tpyhrj;jpy; '',ir vd; nry;tk;'' vdf;
$Wfpwhd;.
kNfe;jpu gy;ytd; gy;fiy kd;ddhf tpsq;fpdhd;. ,irapYk; NjHe;jtd;. rq;fPuzk; vd;Dk; jhsj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jjhy; ''rq;fPuzrhjp'' vd;w gl;lg; ngaiug; ngw;whd;.
''VO Ruq;fs;>
VO jhsq;fs;> VO ghiyfs;> VO gz;fisAk;> VO KoTfisAk;> VO tq;fpaq;fisAk;>
ahopd; VO euk;GfisAk; Kw;wpYk; jkpopirapy; toq;fptUfpw fzpjKiw'' vd;fpwhH ney;iy
jkpopirthzH Re;ju XJthH %Hj;jpfs; jhk; vOfpa ''Vopirapd; khz;G'' vd;w fl;Liuapy;.
(nre;jkpo;r; nry;tp -18-03-1955)
,NjNghy; gz;
,uhfkhf khw;wg;gl;lJ. Ky;iyg;gz; NkhfdkhfTk;> Nfhbg;ghiy rq;fuhguzkhfTk;> mUk;ghiy
fufug;gpupahthfTk;> nrk;ghiy mup fhk;NghjpahfTk;> nrt;topg;ghiy aJFy
fhk;NghjpahfTk;> gLkiyg;ghiy fy;ahzpahfTk;>Nkw; nrk;ghiy eiligutpahfTk;>
nre;JUj;jp kj;jpakhtjpahfTk;> rhjhup ge;JtuhspahfTk;> FwpQ;rpg;gz; ePyhk;gupahfTk;> GwePHik G+ghskhfTk; ngaH
khw;wk;nra;ag;gl;ld.
"Kj;jkpo;f;
fy;tpAk; tpj;jff; ftpAk;" iftuf;fz;l ,sq;Nfh mbfs; ahj;j neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; (fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; Ehw;whz;L)
CHfhz; fhijapy; kJiu tPjpfspy; Mly;> ,irg;ghly;fs;> tupf;$j;Jf;fs;> ghly;>
VOtifj; Jhf;Ffs;> mjNdhL ,izfpd;w Njhw;fUtpfspd; $WghLfis czHe;J> epw;wy;>
,aq;fy;> ,Uj;jy;> fplj;jy;> vd;w ehy;tif kuGila mtpdaf; $j;Jf;fisAk; mwpe;J>
Fuy; Kjyhf jhuk; <whf cs;s Vo;tif ,irf; $WfisAk; tpupf;Fk; ,irty;NyhH ,Ue;jJ
tpupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
""MlYk;>
tupAk;> ghzpAk;> Jhf;Fk;
$ba FapYtf;
fUtpAk; czHe;J
ehy;tif kugpd;
mtpdaf; fdj;jpDk;
Vo;tif
epyj;jpd; va;jpaJ tpupf;Fk;
kiyg;G
mUk; rpwg;gpd; jiyf;Nfhy; mupitAk;""
(rpyk;G fhij
14> 17> 150-154)
""Vo;tif
epyj;jpd; va;jpaJ tpupf;fpd;"" vd;gjw;F ciu vOjpa ey;yhHf;F mbahH
""vOtif epykhtd rupfkgjep vd;Dk; vOtifg;gl;l vOj;jbahfg; gpwf;Fk; Fuy; Kjy;
jhuk; <whf VOk;"" vd tpupj;Jiuf;fpwhH.
kPz;Lk; Mr;rpaH Fuitapy; VO ,sk; ngz;fSf;F ,ilf;Fy
KJkfshfpa khjup ,e;j VO Ruq;fisAk; jhd; tpUk;gpa ngaHfshfr; R+l;bajhff; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
"",ilKJkfs;
,tHf;Fg;
gilj;Jf; Nfhs; ngaH ,Lths;
FlKjy;
,lKiwahf;> Fuy;> Jj;jk;
iff;fpis> cio> ,sp> tpsup> jhuk; vd
tpupjU
G+q;Foy; Ntz;ba ngaNu.
(rpyk;G fhij
17> 6> 13)
Guhjd jkpo; ,irf; fzpjj;jpd;gb Fuy; "k" vd;w Kjy; Ruk;. Jj;jk; - g>
iff;fpis - j> cio - ep> ,sp - r> tpsup - up> jhuk; -f vd tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j VO ,irfspd;
Xirf;F ctik
KiwNa tz;L> fpsp> Fjpiu> ahid> Fapy;> NjD> ML vd;gitahFk;. ,e;j ,irfspd; Ritf;F ctik KiwNa Njd;> japH>
nea;> Vyk;> thiof;fdp> khJsq;fdp vd;gitahFk;.
jpUtpirg;gh ghba
xd;gjpkUs; Kjyhk; ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; (fp.gp.
1012-1044) ghl;lhdhH fz;lhuhjpj;j NjtH (fp.gp. 956-957) xUtH. Kjyhk; ,uhNrj;jpuDila kfs;
tapw;Wg; NguDk; fPior;rhSf;fpa kd;dd; ,uhruhrdpd; kfDkhfpa Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; (fp.gp.
1070-1120) "FNyhj;Jq;fd; ,ir" vd;w ,ir
Ehnyhd;iw vOjpatd; vd;gJk; mtdJ murpahupd; ngaH Vopirty;ygp vd;gJk; tuyhW.
fHehlf ,irf;F jpahifaH (1767-1847)> Kj;Jrhkp jPl;rpjH
(1776-1827)> rpahkh rhj;jpupfs; (1>762-1>827) %tUk;
Kk;%Hj;jpfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhHfs;.
,e;j %tUk; Me;jpu
ehl;ltHfs; my;y. ,tHfs; gpwe;j CH jkpo;ehl;bYs;s
jpUth&H. ,tHfs; Nfl;l ,irnay;yhk;
jkpopirNa. Mdhy; jpahifaupd; tPl;L nkhop njYq;fhf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy; jhk; Nfl;l jkpopiriaj;
jkJ jha;nkhopahd njYq;fpy; fPHj;jdkhfg; ghbdhH. mtH
,aw;wpa ghly;fspy; gQ;ruj;jpd fPHj;jdq;fs; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;wit. jpUitahw;wpy; Mz;L NjhWk; mtUf;F tpoh vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Mz;L jpahifaupd; 156tJ Muhjid tpohthFk;.
Kj;Jrhkp jPl;rpjH
tlnkhopapy; kl;Lk; ghl;Lf;fs; ,aw;wpdhH. rpahkh rhj;jpupfs; njYq;fpYk; tlnkhopapYk;
fPHj;jidfs; nra;jhH.
,g;gbr;
nrhy;tjhy; ,e;j fUehlf Kk;%Hj;jpfs; Njhd;WKd; fUehlff; fPHj;jidj; jkpo;g; ghly;fs;
,y;iyah? fPHj;jid ghLgtHfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iyah?
,e;j
Kk;%Hj;jpfSf;Fk; Kd;dNu jkpopirf;F Kk;%Hj;jpfshf
rPHfhop Kj;Jj; jhz;ltH (fp.gp. 1>600)>
jpy;iytplq;fd; khupKj;jhg; gps;is (1>712-1>787)> rPHfhop mUzhryf; ftpuhaH
(1>711-1>779) ,Ue;jhHfs;. Mdhy; mtHfs; gpwg;Gf;fhuzkhf mtHfs; fhyj;jpy; mtHfsJ
,irty;Yik muq;fk; VwhJ ,Ue;Jtpl;lJ. njYq;F ,irf;F ,Ue;j Mjpf;fj;jpdhYk; mjd;kPJ tpraefu
Ml;rpahsHfSf;F (16k; Ehw;whz;L),Ue;j Nkhfj;jhYk; mtHfsJ Gfo; ntspr;rj;Jf;F tuhJ Nghapw;W.
""njUtpy;
thuhNdh - vd;idr; rw;Nw
jpUk;gpg;
ghuhNdh?""
vd;Dk;
Kj;Jj;jhz;ltH fPHj;jdk;>
""fhiyj;
Jhf;fp epd;whLk; nja;tNk -vidf;
ifJhf;fp Ms; nja;tNk""
vd;Dk;
khupKj;jhg;gps;is fPHj;jdk;>
""MNuh
,tH MNuh - vd;d
NgNuh
mwpNaNd""
vd;Dk; mUzhryf;
ftpuahH fPHj;jdk; md;W ,ir cyfpy; kpfTk; Gfo;ngw;witahf ,Ue;jd. (tsUk;)
ef;fPud;
(7)
xUKiw
jpUitahw;wpNy jpahfuhrH tpohtpNy vk;.vk;. jz;lghzp NjrpfH jkpo; ghl;nlhd;W ghbtpl;lhH.
jpahfuhrH tshfNk jPl;Lg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;W
njYq;fpir ghlte;j $l;lk; NghHf;nfhb Jhf;fptpl;lJ! '',dp ahfk; nra;J jPl;Lf; fopj;jhy;
md;wp NkilNawpg; ghlkhl;Nlhk;'' vd;W muq;fj;ijtpl;L me;jf; $l;lk; ntspNawpaJ.
jkpo;ehl;L
fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;Jf;nfhz;L> fhNtupj; jz;zPiuf; Fbj;Jf;nfhz;L> jkpo;ehl;L cg;igj;
jpd;W nfhz;L tho;fpd;w xU $l;lk; jkpopy; xU ghl;Lg; ghbtpl;lijf; fz;L jPl;Lg;gl;L tpl;ljhff; $g;ghL Nghl;lJ jkpo; ehl;by; jkpopirf;F ve;jsTf;F "kupahij" ,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;F ey;y
vLj;Jf;fhl;L!
""jkpopir
vd;W xd;Wk; ,y;iy> ,Ug;gnjy;yhk; Ntw;wpirNa"" vd;W jkpo;ehl;bd; tsj;ij
mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;L jkpopirf;Fg; giftHfs; NfL nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; jkpopirapd;
kWgpwg;Gf;Fk;> kWkyHr;rpf;Fk; jkpopirr; rq;fk; fz;ltUk; "jkpopirapd; je;ij"
vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;ltUkhd ts;sy; uh[h NrH
mz;zhkiy murH mtHfsJ gq;fspg;gpd; Mok; mfyk; mstpl KbahjJ.
jkpOf;F Vw;wk;
nfhLj;j mz;zhkiy murUf;F ,d;iwa jiyKiwapy;
thOk; jkpoHfs; ed;wp nrYj;jf; flikg; gl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.
jkpopy; ghl;Lg; ghbdhy;
Nftyk; vd;W fUjg;gl;l fhyk; mJ. jkpo;g; ghl;L Jf;flh ghl;L vd;W $wg;gl;l fhyKk;
mJjhd;.
,ir cyfpy;
mz;zhkiy murH mtHfSila jkpopir ,af;fk;
Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fj;ij ahUk; vspjpy; kWf;f KbahJ. mz;zhkiy murH jdJ tho;f;iff; Fwpg;gpy;
jd;Dila tho;tpd; Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;d vd;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whH.
1944 gq;Fdp 25Mk;
ehs; mtHfs; jd;Dila tho;f;iff; Fwpg;ig vOJk;
nghOJ ''jkpo;ehnlq;Fk; jkpopir Koq;fNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; vd;Dila xNu
Fwpf;Nfhs;' vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
jkpo; ehnlq;Fk; mz;zhkiy
murH mtHfSila 122-MtJ gpwe;j ehs; kpfr;
rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gl;lJ. mtH ekf;Fg; glkhf
kl;Lk; ,y;iy ,d;iwf;Fg; ghlkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whH.
mz;zhkiy murH
toptop te;j FLk;gk; mtH njhlf;fp itj;j fy;tpg;gzp kw;Wk; jkpopirg; gzp ,uz;ilAk; njhlHe;J nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
jkpopNy ghl;Lg;
ghl KbahJ jkpopNy rq;fPj kpy;iy jkpopNy ,ir ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.
1943 Ig;grp
1Mk; ehsd;W mz;zhkiy murH md;W ,irAyfpy; nfhbfl;bg; gwe;j mupaf;Fb ,uhkhD[ ma;aq;fhUf;F xU
fbjk; vOjpdhH.
''gpupaKs;s
ma;ah> nrd;id jkpopirr; rq;fj;jpd; Mjutpy; tUfpw brk;gH khjk; 25-Kjy;
[dtup 2 Kba eilngw ,Uf;Fk; jkpopir khehl;by; mNdf rq;fPjf; fr;Nrupfis elj;j
Vw;ghlhapUf;fpwJ.
jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s
jq;fisg; Nghd;w rq;fPj tpj;thd;fs; xU fr;Nrup elj;jp> jkpo; kf;fis kfpo;tpf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ vq;fSila tpUg;gk;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf jq;fsplk; rpy ehl;fSf;F Kd; nrl;behl;by; ehd;
Neupy; NgrpaJ Qhgf ,Uf;fyhk;. Muk;gj;jpy;
vd;d ghLtJ vd;gJgw;wp jkpopir MjuthsHfs; Kf;fpakhdtHfs; rpyuplk; fye;J jq;fSf;Fj;
njuptpg;gjhfr; nrhd;Ndd;.
jkpopy; ghLtJjhd;
nghUj;jk;. Muk;gj;jpYk;> filrpapYk;> kj;jpapYk; ngUk;ghYk; jha;nkhopaha jkpopy;
ghLtJjhd; nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W mgpg;gpuhag;gLfpd;whHfs;. jkpo; ehl;by; Kjy; ghl;L filrpapy; kq;fsk; ,ilapy; ngUk;ghYk; jkpo;g;ghl;Lf;fshfg; ghLtJjhd; rpwe;jJ.
mJjhd; epahak;. jkpoHfs; tpUk;GtJ mJNt.
,ilapy; ,ju
ghi\apy; rpwe;j rhfpj;a fHj;jhf;fs; ghly;fisAk; jhq;fs; ghlyhk;. ghlNtz;Lk;. jkpo;ehl;by; gpwe;J> tsHe;J jkpioNa
jha;nkhop tpj;thdhff; nfhz;l jq;fisg; Nghd;w gpugykhd tpj;thd;fs; ,ij MNkhjpj;J> Kjy;
ghl;ilAk; kq;fsj;ijAk; ,ilapy;
ngUk;ghYk; jkpopNyNa ghb jkpoHfSf;F ,d;gk;
Cl;LtPHfs; vd;W vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;."'
1944,y;
gl;Lf;Nfhl;ilapy; [py;yh NghHL jiytuhf ,Ue;j ehbKj;Jg; gps;is mtHfs; xU Nfhapy; ,ir epfo;r;rpia Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;jhH. me;j epfo;r;rpf;F kfhuh[Guk; tp];tehj ma;aH ghl
te;jpUe;jhH. tp];tehj ma;aH gpwnkhopg;
ghly;fisNa ghbf;nfhz;bUe;jhH. xU jkpo;g; ghl;ilf;$lg; ghltpy;iy.
mq;F ,Ue;j je;ij ngupahH mtHfSila njhz;luhd khg;gps;isad; ghbf;nfhz;bUe;j tp];tehj Iaiug; ghHj;J ''jkpopy;
ghl Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; ghLfpd;w ghl;L vJTk;
vq;fSf;Fg; Gupatpy;iy' vd;W nrhd;dhH.
clNd tp];tehj
ma;aH ''vdf;Fj; jkpo;g; ghl;Lj; njupahJ>
jkpopNy vd;dhy; ghl KbahJ. fhuzk; vdf;Fj; jkpopy; ghlj; njupahJ'' vd;W nrhd;dhH.
clNd mq;fpUe;j
ngUg;ghNyhH Fuy; vOg;gpdhHfs; ''jkpo;
njupahjtH jkpo;ehl;by; vjw;fhfg; ghl tuNtz;Lk;? vq;fSf;fhf fr;Nrup nra;a ePq;fs;
te;jpUf;fpd;wPHfs;. cq;fSf;fhfth ehq;fs;
te;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;?"' vd;W Nfs;tp Nfl;ldH.
''ePq;fs; jkpopy;
ghltpy;iyahdhy;> ,e;j mitia tpl;L efu khl;Nlhk;. fr;Nrup ele;jhYk; rup elf;fhtpl;lhYk;
rup'' vd;W fyfk; nra;j gpw;ghLjhd; kfhuh[Guk; tp];thehj ma;aH jkpopy; ghbtpl;L me;j Nkilia tpl;Lf; fPNo ,wq;fpdhH.
,t;thW jkpopir ,af;fk; gy
jilfisg; gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; re;jpj;j gpd;dHjhd; ntw;wp ngw;wJ. mijg; ghHj;J mz;zhkiy
murH Nghd;wtHfs; kfpo;e;jhHfs;.
xUKiw n[Hkdpapy;
MH.Nf rz;Kfk; (nrl;bahH) mtHfs; Rw;Wg;gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhH. me;jr; rkaj;jpy; jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;jtHfs; ''jkpopir ,af;fk; ntw;wp ngw;W tpl;lJ'' vd;W xU
je;jp mDg;gpdhHfs;. mijg; ghHj;jTlNd MH.Nf.v]; mtHfSf;F mstw;w kfpo;r;rp. me;jj; je;jpiag; gyjuk; gbj;J kfpo;r;rp mile;jhH. mUfpypUe;j n[Hkhdpa ez;gHfs; Nfl;lhHfs; ''vd;d?
,e;jj; je;jp cq;fSf;F ,t;tsT ngupa kfpo;r;rpiaj; je;jpUf;fpd;wNj? vq;fsplKk; cq;fs;
kfpo;r;rpiag; gfpHe;Jnfhs;syhkh?'' vd;W
Nfl;ldH.
clNd>
MH.Nf.v]; nrhd;dhH ''vdf;Fg; ngupa kfpo;r;rp!
ehq;fs; mz;zhkiy murH jiyikapy; xU ngupa ,af;fk; elj;jpNdhk;. me;j ,af;fk; ntw;wp
mile;jpUf;fpd;wJ'' vd;whH.
''vd;d ,af;fk;?''
vd;W n[HkhdpaHfs; MNyhL Nfl;lhHfs;.
''vq;fs; ehl;bNy
jkpopir ,af;fk; ntd;wJ'' vd;whH.
''me;j ,af;fj;jpDila Nehf;fk; vd;d?'' vd;W
n[HkhdpaHfs; Nfl;ldH.
''vq;fSila
ehl;bNy jkpo;g; ghl;Lg; ghlNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf xU ,af;fj;ij elj;jpNdhk;"' vd;W
nrhd;dhH.
'',J vq;fSf;Fg;
Gupatpy;iyNa!'' vd;W n[HkhdpaHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;.
''ePq;fs; vy;yhk;
jkpo;ehl;by; ,Ue;JjhNd tUfpd;wPHfs;. jkpopNy ghl;Lghl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,t;tsT ehl;fSf;Fg;
gpwF ntw;wp ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ vd;why;> ,Jtiu fhyKk; ePq;fs; ve;j nkhopapy; ghbf;
nfhz;bUe;jPHfs;?'' vd;W mtHfs; jpUg;gpf; Nfl;lhHfs;. (tsUk;)
ef;fPud;
(8)
Nfl;lhy; jkpioj;
''nja;tPfj; jkpo;'' vd;W nrhy;Yfpd;whHfs;.
mjpy; fQ;rj;jdk; nra;tjpy;iy. Mdhy; mg;gbr;
nrhy;gtHfSf;F mjpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpwJ. Rk;kh
tha;r; nrhy; mUSfpwhHfs;. eilKiwapy; jkpo;
xJf;fg;gLtijapl;L ,tHfs; ftiyg;gLtjpy;iy. nja;tPfj; jkpOf;F Vd; NfhapypNy cupa ,lk; ,y;iy?
vd;W Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs;. gjpy; tuhJ.
jkpopy; ghl;Lg;
ghbdhy; jPl;L! jkpopNy Nghw;wp nra;jhy;
jPl;L> jkpopNy FlKOf;Fr; jPl;L! vd;W jkpo;g; giftHfs; nrhy;fpd;whHfs;. fhQ;rp
fhkNfhbgPl n[Nae;jpu ru];tjp rq;fuhr;rpahH flTSf;Fj; jkpo; njupahJ rk];fpUjk; kl;Le;jhd;
njupAk;. rk];fpUjj;jpw;F ,Uf;fpw ke;jpurf;jp jkpOf;F ,y;iy vd;fpwhH. Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why;
jkpo;ehl;L cg;igr; rhg;gpl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,g;gbr; nrhy;fpwhH.
#L nrhuiz
nfhQ;rKk; ,y;yhj jkpoHfs; gyH mjidf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;L Rk;kh ,Uf;fpwhHfs;!
jkpoHfs; jkpo;
nkhop jkpo; ,ir Vw;wk; ngwg; ghLgl Ntz;lhkh?
,d;iwa ,ir
mwpQHfs;> ,d;iwag; GytHfs;> ,d;iwa fiy
ty;YeHfs; vy;NyhUk; jkpo; Vw;wk; ngwg;
ghLglNtz;Lk;.
""jkpopir
vd xd;Wk; ,y;iy ,Ug;gnjy;yhk; Ntw;wpirNa"" vd;W jkpo;ehl;bd; tsj;ij mDgtpj;Jf;
nfhz;L jkpopirf;Fg; giftHfs; NfL nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; jkpopirapd; kWgpwg;Gf;Fk;>
kWkyHr;rpf;Fk; jkpopirr; rq;fk; fz;ltUk; "jkpopirapd; je;ij" vd;W
Nghw;wg;gl;ltUkhd ts;sy; uh[h NrH mz;zhkiy murH> MH.Nf. rz;KfdhH> je;ij ngupahH>
tpGyhde;j mbfs;> vd;.v];. fpU\;zd;
Nghd;NwhH ngUe; njhz;lhw;wpdhHfs;.
,tHfisj; njhlHe;J
jkpopirf; fhtyH uh[h NrH Kj;ijah> t.R.g. khzpf;fdhH> b.vd;.
,uhruj;jpdk;> vk;.vk;. jz;lghzpNjrpfH> "fy;fp"
fpU\;z%Hj;jp> GutyH nghs;shr;rp kfhypq;fk;> Nghd;w
gyH jkpo; ,ir tsHr;rpf;F msg;gupa njhz;L
Mw;wpdhHfs;. jkpopirg; ghly;fis Mf;fpa kfhftp Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahH> ghNte;jH
ghujpjhrd;> cLkiy ehuhazftp> Rj;jhde;jghujpahH> ftpkzp Njrpftpehafk;gps;is>
ftpaurH fz;zjhrd; Nghd;w ftpQHfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftHfs;.
mtHfsJ njhz;L> ciog;G tPz;Nghff; $lhJ.
,d;W nrd;id jkpo; ,irr; rq;fk;> kJiu jkpopirr;
rq;fk;> nghs;shr;rp jkpopirr; rq;fk;> ngupahH Kj;jkpo; kd;wk;> ngupahH jkpopir
kd;wk; jkpo;
,iria ew;wkpo; thzHfs; Nghw;Wk; tz;zk; ehlshtpa mstpy; tsHj;J
tUfpd;wd. nrd;id> kJiu> fhQ;rp>
NtYhH> rpjk;guk; Kjyha ,lq;fspy; jkpo;ehL murpd; ,irf; fy;Yhupfs; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd.
jkpopirf; fiyQHfSf;F khj Cjpak;> Mz;L
NjhWk; tpUJ> nghw;fpop toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fle;j Vohz;Lfshf
,aq;fptUk; ngupahH jkpopir kd;wk; jkpopirg;
ghly;fs; ghfk; 1> ghfk; 11 vd ,uz;L xypehlhf;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jg; ngupahH jkpopir kd;wj;jpd; jiytH jkpopdg;
gw;whsHfSf;Fk;> jkpoPo tpLjiyahsHfSf;Fk; Mykuk; Nghy; epoy; jUk; GutyH eh.mUzhryk;
vd;gJ kfpo;r;rp jUk; nra;jp.
,e;jj; jkpopirg;
ghly;fis fiykhkzp G\;gtdk; Fg;Grhkp> vk;.V. vk;.vy;. gpvr;b jdJ fk;gPukhd Fuypy;
rHf;fiug; ge;jypy; Njd;khup nghope;jJNghy;
kpf ,dpikahfg; ghbAs;shH. ghly;fis jkpoPoj; Njrpaf; ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd;> Gul;rpf; ftpQH
ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd;> fiykhkzp Kj;Jf;$j;jd; ,aw;wpAs;shHfs;.
Kjy; ghliy '',irtpoh Nkilapy; jkpopir Kof;F! tirahUk; ghbdhy; tuyhw;iw tpsf;F! jkpio
ahH vjpHj;jhYk; vOtha; eP neUg;gha;'' vd;W NghHf; Fuy; vOg;gpa ftpQH fhrp
Mde;jd; ,aw;wpapUf;fpwhH. gz; - Nkhfdk;>
jhsk; - Mjp.
jkpNo capNu!
tzf;fk;! (3)
jha;gps;is
cwtk;kh cdf;Fk; vdf;Fk; - jkpNo capNu
mkpo;Nj! eP ,y;iy vd;why; (2)
mj;jidAk;
tho;tpy; frf;Fk;! Gspf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo! cd;id
epidf;Fk;; (2)
jkpod;
vd; nrQ;rk; ,dpf;Fk;! ,dpf;Fk;! - jkpNo cd;idNa
mkpo;Nj cd; vopy;
epide;jhy; (2)
Mapuk;
G+f;fs; rpupf;Fk;! rpupf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo ePNa vd;
,af;fk;!; (2)
jha;eP
Jizvd; topf;Fk;! eilf;Fk;! - jkpNo eP
mkpo;Nj eP jUk;
,d;gk;....... (3)
mbNad;
tho;tpy;Nt nwq;Nf fpilf;Fk;? - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo ,d;Widg;
gopf;Fk; (2)
jWf;fd;
cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; - jkpNo ,d;W cid
mkpo;Nj! eP thOk;
kz;zpy; (2)
mdNy
njwpf;Fk;! mdNy njwpf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpNo cdf;Nfd;
fyf;fk;? (2)
jhNa!
nghwk;kh Kof;fk; ntbf;Fk;! - jkpNo cdf;Nfd;
mkpo;Nj!
cid vtd; njhl;lhd;? (2)
mtid vd;
ifths; mopf;Fk;! Kbf;Fk;! - jkpNo capNu
jkpo; ,ir ,g;NghJ ntspr;rj;Jf;F
te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F ,e;j ntspaPLfs; fl;bak; $Wfpd;wd. ghly;fs; Njdhff; fhjpy; te;J
tpOk;NghJ cs;sKk; clYk; kfpo;r;rp nts;sj;jpy; Fspf;fpwJ.
nre;jkpoH
tho;tpy; njhl;by; njhlf;fk; RLfhLtiu tz;zj;jkpOk;> gz;zpirAk;
mq;fpq;F ,d;dhjgb vq;Fk; ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk;. jkpNo tho;thfTk; tho;Nt jkpohfTk; tho;e;jhy; jkpo;g; giftHfs; kiwe;J NghthHfs;.
(Kw;Wk;) ed;wp- Kof;fk;